diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
index 2fbb3b1..8913e89 100644
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@
     - os: osx
       compiler: gcc
       env: BUILD_TYPE=Debug VERBOSE=1
-      if: type != pull_request
     - os: osx
       compiler: gcc
       env: BUILD_TYPE=Release VERBOSE=1 CXX_FLAGS=-std=c++11
@@ -50,7 +49,6 @@
       env: BUILD_TYPE=Debug VERBOSE=1
       if: type != pull_request
     - os: osx
-      compiler: clang
       env: BUILD_TYPE=Release VERBOSE=1 CXX_FLAGS=-std=c++11
       if: type != pull_request
 
diff --git a/appveyor.yml b/appveyor.yml
index 84d9fbc..94b1c3a 100644
--- a/appveyor.yml
+++ b/appveyor.yml
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
     if ($env:generator -eq "MinGW Makefiles") {
         return # No test available for MinGW
     }
-    & ctest -C $env:configuration --timeout 300 --output-on-failure
+    & ctest -C $env:configuration --timeout 600 --output-on-failure
     if ($LastExitCode -ne 0) {
         throw "Exec: $ErrorMessage"
     }
diff --git a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-actions.h b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-actions.h
index 845c823..90fd2ea 100644
--- a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-actions.h
+++ b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-actions.h
@@ -46,9 +46,10 @@
 #include "gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h"
 #include "gmock/internal/gmock-port.h"
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TYPE_TRAITS_  // Defined by gtest-port.h via gmock-port.h.
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11  // Defined by gtest-port.h via gmock-port.h.
+#include <functional>
 #include <type_traits>
-#endif
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 
 namespace testing {
 
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@
 template <typename T>
 class BuiltInDefaultValue {
  public:
-#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TYPE_TRAITS_
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
   // This function returns true iff type T has a built-in default value.
   static bool Exists() {
     return ::std::is_default_constructible<T>::value;
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@
         T, ::std::is_default_constructible<T>::value>::Get();
   }
 
-#else  // GTEST_HAS_STD_TYPE_TRAITS_
+#else  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
   // This function returns true iff type T has a built-in default value.
   static bool Exists() {
     return false;
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@
     return BuiltInDefaultValueGetter<T, false>::Get();
   }
 
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_TYPE_TRAITS_
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 };
 
 // This partial specialization says that we use the same built-in
diff --git a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-matchers.h b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-matchers.h
index 9522c85..000908a 100644
--- a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-matchers.h
+++ b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-matchers.h
@@ -179,6 +179,35 @@
   //   virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const;
 };
 
+namespace internal {
+
+// Converts a MatcherInterface<T> to a MatcherInterface<const T&>.
+template <typename T>
+class MatcherInterfaceAdapter : public MatcherInterface<const T&> {
+ public:
+  explicit MatcherInterfaceAdapter(const MatcherInterface<T>* impl)
+      : impl_(impl) {}
+  virtual ~MatcherInterfaceAdapter() { delete impl_; }
+
+  virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const { impl_->DescribeTo(os); }
+
+  virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
+    impl_->DescribeNegationTo(os);
+  }
+
+  virtual bool MatchAndExplain(const T& x,
+                               MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+    return impl_->MatchAndExplain(x, listener);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const MatcherInterface<T>* const impl_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MatcherInterfaceAdapter);
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
 // A match result listener that stores the explanation in a string.
 class StringMatchResultListener : public MatchResultListener {
  public:
@@ -252,7 +281,8 @@
  public:
   // Returns true iff the matcher matches x; also explains the match
   // result to 'listener'.
-  bool MatchAndExplain(T x, MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+  bool MatchAndExplain(GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(T) x,
+                       MatchResultListener* listener) const {
     return impl_->MatchAndExplain(x, listener);
   }
 
@@ -290,6 +320,14 @@
   explicit MatcherBase(const MatcherInterface<T>* impl)
       : impl_(impl) {}
 
+  template <typename U>
+  explicit MatcherBase(
+      const MatcherInterface<U>* impl,
+      typename internal::EnableIf<
+          !internal::IsSame<U, GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(U)>::value>::type* =
+          NULL)
+      : impl_(new internal::MatcherInterfaceAdapter<U>(impl)) {}
+
   virtual ~MatcherBase() {}
 
  private:
@@ -323,7 +361,13 @@
   explicit Matcher() {}  // NOLINT
 
   // Constructs a matcher from its implementation.
-  explicit Matcher(const MatcherInterface<T>* impl)
+  explicit Matcher(const MatcherInterface<GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(T)>* impl)
+      : internal::MatcherBase<T>(impl) {}
+
+  template <typename U>
+  explicit Matcher(const MatcherInterface<U>* impl,
+                   typename internal::EnableIf<!internal::IsSame<
+                       U, GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(U)>::value>::type* = NULL)
       : internal::MatcherBase<T>(impl) {}
 
   // Implicit constructor here allows people to write
@@ -332,64 +376,79 @@
 };
 
 // The following two specializations allow the user to write str
-// instead of Eq(str) and "foo" instead of Eq("foo") when a string
+// instead of Eq(str) and "foo" instead of Eq("foo") when a std::string
 // matcher is expected.
 template <>
-class GTEST_API_ Matcher<const internal::string&>
-    : public internal::MatcherBase<const internal::string&> {
+class GTEST_API_ Matcher<const std::string&>
+    : public internal::MatcherBase<const std::string&> {
  public:
   Matcher() {}
 
-  explicit Matcher(const MatcherInterface<const internal::string&>* impl)
-      : internal::MatcherBase<const internal::string&>(impl) {}
+  explicit Matcher(const MatcherInterface<const std::string&>* impl)
+      : internal::MatcherBase<const std::string&>(impl) {}
 
   // Allows the user to write str instead of Eq(str) sometimes, where
-  // str is a string object.
-  Matcher(const internal::string& s);  // NOLINT
+  // str is a std::string object.
+  Matcher(const std::string& s);  // NOLINT
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+  // Allows the user to write str instead of Eq(str) sometimes, where
+  // str is a ::string object.
+  Matcher(const ::string& s);  // NOLINT
+#endif                         // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 
   // Allows the user to write "foo" instead of Eq("foo") sometimes.
   Matcher(const char* s);  // NOLINT
 };
 
 template <>
-class GTEST_API_ Matcher<internal::string>
-    : public internal::MatcherBase<internal::string> {
+class GTEST_API_ Matcher<std::string>
+    : public internal::MatcherBase<std::string> {
  public:
   Matcher() {}
 
-  explicit Matcher(const MatcherInterface<internal::string>* impl)
-      : internal::MatcherBase<internal::string>(impl) {}
+  explicit Matcher(const MatcherInterface<std::string>* impl)
+      : internal::MatcherBase<std::string>(impl) {}
 
   // Allows the user to write str instead of Eq(str) sometimes, where
   // str is a string object.
-  Matcher(const internal::string& s);  // NOLINT
+  Matcher(const std::string& s);  // NOLINT
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+  // Allows the user to write str instead of Eq(str) sometimes, where
+  // str is a ::string object.
+  Matcher(const ::string& s);  // NOLINT
+#endif                         // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 
   // Allows the user to write "foo" instead of Eq("foo") sometimes.
   Matcher(const char* s);  // NOLINT
 };
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_STRING_PIECE_
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 // The following two specializations allow the user to write str
-// instead of Eq(str) and "foo" instead of Eq("foo") when a StringPiece
+// instead of Eq(str) and "foo" instead of Eq("foo") when a ::string
 // matcher is expected.
 template <>
-class GTEST_API_ Matcher<const StringPiece&>
-    : public internal::MatcherBase<const StringPiece&> {
+class GTEST_API_ Matcher<const ::string&>
+    : public internal::MatcherBase<const ::string&> {
  public:
   Matcher() {}
 
-  explicit Matcher(const MatcherInterface<const StringPiece&>* impl)
-      : internal::MatcherBase<const StringPiece&>(impl) {}
+  explicit Matcher(const MatcherInterface<const ::string&>* impl)
+      : internal::MatcherBase<const ::string&>(impl) {}
 
   // Allows the user to write str instead of Eq(str) sometimes, where
-  // str is a string object.
-  Matcher(const internal::string& s);  // NOLINT
+  // str is a std::string object.
+  Matcher(const std::string& s);  // NOLINT
+
+  // Allows the user to write str instead of Eq(str) sometimes, where
+  // str is a ::string object.
+  Matcher(const ::string& s);  // NOLINT
 
   // Allows the user to write "foo" instead of Eq("foo") sometimes.
   Matcher(const char* s);  // NOLINT
+};
 
-  // Allows the user to pass StringPieces directly.
-  Matcher(StringPiece s);  // NOLINT
 };
 
 template <>
@@ -530,21 +589,18 @@
     return CastImpl(
         polymorphic_matcher_or_value,
         BooleanConstant<
-            internal::ImplicitlyConvertible<M, Matcher<T> >::value>());
+            internal::ImplicitlyConvertible<M, Matcher<T> >::value>(),
+        BooleanConstant<
+            internal::ImplicitlyConvertible<M, T>::value>());
   }
 
  private:
-  static Matcher<T> CastImpl(const M& value, BooleanConstant<false>) {
-    // M can't be implicitly converted to Matcher<T>, so M isn't a polymorphic
-    // matcher.  It must be a value then.  Use direct initialization to create
-    // a matcher.
-    return Matcher<T>(ImplicitCast_<T>(value));
-  }
-
+  template <bool Ignore>
   static Matcher<T> CastImpl(const M& polymorphic_matcher_or_value,
-                             BooleanConstant<true>) {
+                             BooleanConstant<true> /* convertible_to_matcher */,
+                             BooleanConstant<Ignore>) {
     // M is implicitly convertible to Matcher<T>, which means that either
-    // M is a polymorhpic matcher or Matcher<T> has an implicit constructor
+    // M is a polymorphic matcher or Matcher<T> has an implicit constructor
     // from M.  In both cases using the implicit conversion will produce a
     // matcher.
     //
@@ -553,6 +609,29 @@
     // (first to create T from M and then to create Matcher<T> from T).
     return polymorphic_matcher_or_value;
   }
+
+  // M can't be implicitly converted to Matcher<T>, so M isn't a polymorphic
+  // matcher. It's a value of a type implicitly convertible to T. Use direct
+  // initialization to create a matcher.
+  static Matcher<T> CastImpl(
+      const M& value, BooleanConstant<false> /* convertible_to_matcher */,
+      BooleanConstant<true> /* convertible_to_T */) {
+    return Matcher<T>(ImplicitCast_<T>(value));
+  }
+
+  // M can't be implicitly converted to either Matcher<T> or T. Attempt to use
+  // polymorphic matcher Eq(value) in this case.
+  //
+  // Note that we first attempt to perform an implicit cast on the value and
+  // only fall back to the polymorphic Eq() matcher afterwards because the
+  // latter calls bool operator==(const Lhs& lhs, const Rhs& rhs) in the end
+  // which might be undefined even when Rhs is implicitly convertible to Lhs
+  // (e.g. std::pair<const int, int> vs. std::pair<int, int>).
+  //
+  // We don't define this method inline as we need the declaration of Eq().
+  static Matcher<T> CastImpl(
+      const M& value, BooleanConstant<false> /* convertible_to_matcher */,
+      BooleanConstant<false> /* convertible_to_T */);
 };
 
 // This more specialized version is used when MatcherCast()'s argument
@@ -573,6 +652,22 @@
 
     // We delegate the matching logic to the source matcher.
     virtual bool MatchAndExplain(T x, MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+      using FromType = typename std::remove_cv<typename std::remove_pointer<
+          typename std::remove_reference<T>::type>::type>::type;
+      using ToType = typename std::remove_cv<typename std::remove_pointer<
+          typename std::remove_reference<U>::type>::type>::type;
+      // Do not allow implicitly converting base*/& to derived*/&.
+      static_assert(
+          // Do not trigger if only one of them is a pointer. That implies a
+          // regular conversion and not a down_cast.
+          (std::is_pointer<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type>::value !=
+           std::is_pointer<typename std::remove_reference<U>::type>::value) ||
+              std::is_same<FromType, ToType>::value ||
+              !std::is_base_of<FromType, ToType>::value,
+          "Can't implicitly convert from <base> to <derived>");
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+
       return source_matcher_.MatchAndExplain(static_cast<U>(x), listener);
     }
 
@@ -1340,7 +1435,7 @@
   // Matches anything that can convert to std::string.
   //
   // This is a template, not just a plain function with const std::string&,
-  // because StringPiece has some interfering non-explicit constructors.
+  // because absl::string_view has some interfering non-explicit constructors.
   template <class MatcheeStringType>
   bool MatchAndExplain(const MatcheeStringType& s,
                        MatchResultListener* /* listener */) const {
@@ -2036,6 +2131,82 @@
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(FloatingEqMatcher);
 };
 
+// A 2-tuple ("binary") wrapper around FloatingEqMatcher:
+// FloatingEq2Matcher() matches (x, y) by matching FloatingEqMatcher(x, false)
+// against y, and FloatingEq2Matcher(e) matches FloatingEqMatcher(x, false, e)
+// against y. The former implements "Eq", the latter "Near". At present, there
+// is no version that compares NaNs as equal.
+template <typename FloatType>
+class FloatingEq2Matcher {
+ public:
+  FloatingEq2Matcher() { Init(-1, false); }
+
+  explicit FloatingEq2Matcher(bool nan_eq_nan) { Init(-1, nan_eq_nan); }
+
+  explicit FloatingEq2Matcher(FloatType max_abs_error) {
+    Init(max_abs_error, false);
+  }
+
+  FloatingEq2Matcher(FloatType max_abs_error, bool nan_eq_nan) {
+    Init(max_abs_error, nan_eq_nan);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T1, typename T2>
+  operator Matcher< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2> >() const {
+    return MakeMatcher(
+        new Impl< ::testing::tuple<T1, T2> >(max_abs_error_, nan_eq_nan_));
+  }
+  template <typename T1, typename T2>
+  operator Matcher<const ::testing::tuple<T1, T2>&>() const {
+    return MakeMatcher(
+        new Impl<const ::testing::tuple<T1, T2>&>(max_abs_error_, nan_eq_nan_));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  static ::std::ostream& GetDesc(::std::ostream& os) {  // NOLINT
+    return os << "an almost-equal pair";
+  }
+
+  template <typename Tuple>
+  class Impl : public MatcherInterface<Tuple> {
+   public:
+    Impl(FloatType max_abs_error, bool nan_eq_nan) :
+        max_abs_error_(max_abs_error),
+        nan_eq_nan_(nan_eq_nan) {}
+
+    virtual bool MatchAndExplain(Tuple args,
+                                 MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+      if (max_abs_error_ == -1) {
+        FloatingEqMatcher<FloatType> fm(::testing::get<0>(args), nan_eq_nan_);
+        return static_cast<Matcher<FloatType> >(fm).MatchAndExplain(
+            ::testing::get<1>(args), listener);
+      } else {
+        FloatingEqMatcher<FloatType> fm(::testing::get<0>(args), nan_eq_nan_,
+                                        max_abs_error_);
+        return static_cast<Matcher<FloatType> >(fm).MatchAndExplain(
+            ::testing::get<1>(args), listener);
+      }
+    }
+    virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
+      *os << "are " << GetDesc;
+    }
+    virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
+      *os << "aren't " << GetDesc;
+    }
+
+   private:
+    FloatType max_abs_error_;
+    const bool nan_eq_nan_;
+  };
+
+  void Init(FloatType max_abs_error_val, bool nan_eq_nan_val) {
+    max_abs_error_ = max_abs_error_val;
+    nan_eq_nan_ = nan_eq_nan_val;
+  }
+  FloatType max_abs_error_;
+  bool nan_eq_nan_;
+};
+
 // Implements the Pointee(m) matcher for matching a pointer whose
 // pointee matches matcher m.  The pointer can be either raw or smart.
 template <typename InnerMatcher>
@@ -2181,15 +2352,21 @@
  public:
   FieldMatcher(FieldType Class::*field,
                const Matcher<const FieldType&>& matcher)
-      : field_(field), matcher_(matcher) {}
+      : field_(field), matcher_(matcher), whose_field_("whose given field ") {}
+
+  FieldMatcher(const std::string& field_name, FieldType Class::*field,
+               const Matcher<const FieldType&>& matcher)
+      : field_(field),
+        matcher_(matcher),
+        whose_field_("whose field `" + field_name + "` ") {}
 
   void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
-    *os << "is an object whose given field ";
+    *os << "is an object " << whose_field_;
     matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
   }
 
   void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
-    *os << "is an object whose given field ";
+    *os << "is an object " << whose_field_;
     matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os);
   }
 
@@ -2207,7 +2384,7 @@
   // true_type iff the Field() matcher is used to match a pointer.
   bool MatchAndExplainImpl(false_type /* is_not_pointer */, const Class& obj,
                            MatchResultListener* listener) const {
-    *listener << "whose given field is ";
+    *listener << whose_field_ << "is ";
     return MatchPrintAndExplain(obj.*field_, matcher_, listener);
   }
 
@@ -2226,6 +2403,10 @@
   const FieldType Class::*field_;
   const Matcher<const FieldType&> matcher_;
 
+  // Contains either "whose given field " if the name of the field is unknown
+  // or "whose field `name_of_field` " if the name is known.
+  const std::string whose_field_;
+
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(FieldMatcher);
 };
 
@@ -2244,15 +2425,23 @@
   typedef GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(PropertyType) RefToConstProperty;
 
   PropertyMatcher(Property property, const Matcher<RefToConstProperty>& matcher)
-      : property_(property), matcher_(matcher) {}
+      : property_(property),
+        matcher_(matcher),
+        whose_property_("whose given property ") {}
+
+  PropertyMatcher(const std::string& property_name, Property property,
+                  const Matcher<RefToConstProperty>& matcher)
+      : property_(property),
+        matcher_(matcher),
+        whose_property_("whose property `" + property_name + "` ") {}
 
   void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
-    *os << "is an object whose given property ";
+    *os << "is an object " << whose_property_;
     matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
   }
 
   void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
-    *os << "is an object whose given property ";
+    *os << "is an object " << whose_property_;
     matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os);
   }
 
@@ -2270,7 +2459,7 @@
   // true_type iff the Property() matcher is used to match a pointer.
   bool MatchAndExplainImpl(false_type /* is_not_pointer */, const Class& obj,
                            MatchResultListener* listener) const {
-    *listener << "whose given property is ";
+    *listener << whose_property_ << "is ";
     // Cannot pass the return value (for example, int) to MatchPrintAndExplain,
     // which takes a non-const reference as argument.
 #if defined(_PREFAST_ ) && _MSC_VER == 1800
@@ -2299,6 +2488,10 @@
   Property property_;
   const Matcher<RefToConstProperty> matcher_;
 
+  // Contains either "whose given property " if the name of the property is
+  // unknown or "whose property `name_of_property` " if the name is known.
+  const std::string whose_property_;
+
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(PropertyMatcher);
 };
 
@@ -2692,6 +2885,10 @@
 // container and the RHS container respectively.
 template <typename TupleMatcher, typename RhsContainer>
 class PointwiseMatcher {
+  GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(
+      !IsHashTable<GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(RhsContainer)>::value,
+      use_UnorderedPointwise_with_hash_tables);
+
  public:
   typedef internal::StlContainerView<RhsContainer> RhsView;
   typedef typename RhsView::type RhsStlContainer;
@@ -2709,6 +2906,10 @@
 
   template <typename LhsContainer>
   operator Matcher<LhsContainer>() const {
+    GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(
+        !IsHashTable<GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(LhsContainer)>::value,
+        use_UnorderedPointwise_with_hash_tables);
+
     return MakeMatcher(new Impl<LhsContainer>(tuple_matcher_, rhs_));
   }
 
@@ -2759,12 +2960,15 @@
       typename LhsStlContainer::const_iterator left = lhs_stl_container.begin();
       typename RhsStlContainer::const_iterator right = rhs_.begin();
       for (size_t i = 0; i != actual_size; ++i, ++left, ++right) {
-        const InnerMatcherArg value_pair(*left, *right);
-
         if (listener->IsInterested()) {
           StringMatchResultListener inner_listener;
+          // Create InnerMatcherArg as a temporarily object to avoid it outlives
+          // *left and *right. Dereference or the conversion to `const T&` may
+          // return temp objects, e.g for vector<bool>.
           if (!mono_tuple_matcher_.MatchAndExplain(
-                  value_pair, &inner_listener)) {
+                  InnerMatcherArg(ImplicitCast_<const LhsValue&>(*left),
+                                  ImplicitCast_<const RhsValue&>(*right)),
+                  &inner_listener)) {
             *listener << "where the value pair (";
             UniversalPrint(*left, listener->stream());
             *listener << ", ";
@@ -2774,7 +2978,9 @@
             return false;
           }
         } else {
-          if (!mono_tuple_matcher_.Matches(value_pair))
+          if (!mono_tuple_matcher_.Matches(
+                  InnerMatcherArg(ImplicitCast_<const LhsValue&>(*left),
+                                  ImplicitCast_<const RhsValue&>(*right))))
             return false;
         }
       }
@@ -2932,6 +3138,50 @@
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(EachMatcher);
 };
 
+struct Rank1 {};
+struct Rank0 : Rank1 {};
+
+namespace pair_getters {
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+using std::get;
+template <typename T>
+auto First(T& x, Rank1) -> decltype(get<0>(x)) {  // NOLINT
+  return get<0>(x);
+}
+template <typename T>
+auto First(T& x, Rank0) -> decltype((x.first)) {  // NOLINT
+  return x.first;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+auto Second(T& x, Rank1) -> decltype(get<1>(x)) {  // NOLINT
+  return get<1>(x);
+}
+template <typename T>
+auto Second(T& x, Rank0) -> decltype((x.second)) {  // NOLINT
+  return x.second;
+}
+#else
+template <typename T>
+typename T::first_type& First(T& x, Rank0) {  // NOLINT
+  return x.first;
+}
+template <typename T>
+const typename T::first_type& First(const T& x, Rank0) {
+  return x.first;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+typename T::second_type& Second(T& x, Rank0) {  // NOLINT
+  return x.second;
+}
+template <typename T>
+const typename T::second_type& Second(const T& x, Rank0) {
+  return x.second;
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+}  // namespace pair_getters
+
 // Implements Key(inner_matcher) for the given argument pair type.
 // Key(inner_matcher) matches an std::pair whose 'first' field matches
 // inner_matcher.  For example, Contains(Key(Ge(5))) can be used to match an
@@ -2952,8 +3202,8 @@
   virtual bool MatchAndExplain(PairType key_value,
                                MatchResultListener* listener) const {
     StringMatchResultListener inner_listener;
-    const bool match = inner_matcher_.MatchAndExplain(key_value.first,
-                                                      &inner_listener);
+    const bool match = inner_matcher_.MatchAndExplain(
+        pair_getters::First(key_value, Rank0()), &inner_listener);
     const std::string explanation = inner_listener.str();
     if (explanation != "") {
       *listener << "whose first field is a value " << explanation;
@@ -3036,18 +3286,18 @@
     if (!listener->IsInterested()) {
       // If the listener is not interested, we don't need to construct the
       // explanation.
-      return first_matcher_.Matches(a_pair.first) &&
-             second_matcher_.Matches(a_pair.second);
+      return first_matcher_.Matches(pair_getters::First(a_pair, Rank0())) &&
+             second_matcher_.Matches(pair_getters::Second(a_pair, Rank0()));
     }
     StringMatchResultListener first_inner_listener;
-    if (!first_matcher_.MatchAndExplain(a_pair.first,
+    if (!first_matcher_.MatchAndExplain(pair_getters::First(a_pair, Rank0()),
                                         &first_inner_listener)) {
       *listener << "whose first field does not match";
       PrintIfNotEmpty(first_inner_listener.str(), listener->stream());
       return false;
     }
     StringMatchResultListener second_inner_listener;
-    if (!second_matcher_.MatchAndExplain(a_pair.second,
+    if (!second_matcher_.MatchAndExplain(pair_getters::Second(a_pair, Rank0()),
                                          &second_inner_listener)) {
       *listener << "whose second field does not match";
       PrintIfNotEmpty(second_inner_listener.str(), listener->stream());
@@ -3494,6 +3744,11 @@
 
   template <typename Container>
   operator Matcher<Container>() const {
+    GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(
+        !IsHashTable<GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Container)>::value ||
+            ::testing::tuple_size<MatcherTuple>::value < 2,
+        use_UnorderedElementsAre_with_hash_tables);
+
     typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Container) RawContainer;
     typedef typename internal::StlContainerView<RawContainer>::type View;
     typedef typename View::value_type Element;
@@ -3542,6 +3797,10 @@
 
   template <typename Container>
   operator Matcher<Container>() const {
+    GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(
+        !IsHashTable<GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Container)>::value,
+        use_UnorderedElementsAreArray_with_hash_tables);
+
     return MakeMatcher(new ElementsAreMatcherImpl<Container>(
         matchers_.begin(), matchers_.end()));
   }
@@ -3636,6 +3895,61 @@
                                                 const char* matcher_name,
                                                 const Strings& param_values);
 
+// Implements a matcher that checks the value of a optional<> type variable.
+template <typename ValueMatcher>
+class OptionalMatcher {
+ public:
+  explicit OptionalMatcher(const ValueMatcher& value_matcher)
+      : value_matcher_(value_matcher) {}
+
+  template <typename Optional>
+  operator Matcher<Optional>() const {
+    return MakeMatcher(new Impl<Optional>(value_matcher_));
+  }
+
+  template <typename Optional>
+  class Impl : public MatcherInterface<Optional> {
+   public:
+    typedef GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(Optional) OptionalView;
+    typedef typename OptionalView::value_type ValueType;
+    explicit Impl(const ValueMatcher& value_matcher)
+        : value_matcher_(MatcherCast<ValueType>(value_matcher)) {}
+
+    virtual void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
+      *os << "value ";
+      value_matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
+    }
+
+    virtual void DescribeNegationTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
+      *os << "value ";
+      value_matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os);
+    }
+
+    virtual bool MatchAndExplain(Optional optional,
+                                 MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+      if (!optional) {
+        *listener << "which is not engaged";
+        return false;
+      }
+      const ValueType& value = *optional;
+      StringMatchResultListener value_listener;
+      const bool match = value_matcher_.MatchAndExplain(value, &value_listener);
+      *listener << "whose value " << PrintToString(value)
+                << (match ? " matches" : " doesn't match");
+      PrintIfNotEmpty(value_listener.str(), listener->stream());
+      return match;
+    }
+
+   private:
+    const Matcher<ValueType> value_matcher_;
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(Impl);
+  };
+
+ private:
+  const ValueMatcher value_matcher_;
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(OptionalMatcher);
+};
+
 namespace variant_matcher {
 // Overloads to allow VariantMatcher to do proper ADL lookup.
 template <typename T>
@@ -3684,7 +3998,7 @@
   }
 
  private:
-  static string GetTypeName() {
+  static std::string GetTypeName() {
 #if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
     return internal::GetTypeName<T>();
 #endif
@@ -3696,6 +4010,65 @@
 
 }  // namespace variant_matcher
 
+namespace any_cast_matcher {
+
+// Overloads to allow AnyCastMatcher to do proper ADL lookup.
+template <typename T>
+void any_cast() {}
+
+// Implements a matcher that any_casts the value.
+template <typename T>
+class AnyCastMatcher {
+ public:
+  explicit AnyCastMatcher(const ::testing::Matcher<const T&>& matcher)
+      : matcher_(matcher) {}
+
+  template <typename AnyType>
+  bool MatchAndExplain(const AnyType& value,
+                       ::testing::MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+    if (!listener->IsInterested()) {
+      const T* ptr = any_cast<T>(&value);
+      return ptr != NULL && matcher_.Matches(*ptr);
+    }
+
+    const T* elem = any_cast<T>(&value);
+    if (elem == NULL) {
+      *listener << "whose value is not of type '" << GetTypeName() << "'";
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    StringMatchResultListener elem_listener;
+    const bool match = matcher_.MatchAndExplain(*elem, &elem_listener);
+    *listener << "whose value " << PrintToString(*elem)
+              << (match ? " matches" : " doesn't match");
+    PrintIfNotEmpty(elem_listener.str(), listener->stream());
+    return match;
+  }
+
+  void DescribeTo(std::ostream* os) const {
+    *os << "is an 'any' type with value of type '" << GetTypeName()
+        << "' and the value ";
+    matcher_.DescribeTo(os);
+  }
+
+  void DescribeNegationTo(std::ostream* os) const {
+    *os << "is an 'any' type with value of type other than '" << GetTypeName()
+        << "' or the value ";
+    matcher_.DescribeNegationTo(os);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  static std::string GetTypeName() {
+#if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
+    return internal::GetTypeName<T>();
+#endif
+    return "the element type";
+  }
+
+  const ::testing::Matcher<const T&> matcher_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace any_cast_matcher
 }  // namespace internal
 
 // ElementsAreArray(iterator_first, iterator_last)
@@ -3827,6 +4200,14 @@
 template <typename T>
 Matcher<T>::Matcher(T value) { *this = Eq(value); }
 
+template <typename T, typename M>
+Matcher<T> internal::MatcherCastImpl<T, M>::CastImpl(
+    const M& value,
+    internal::BooleanConstant<false> /* convertible_to_matcher */,
+    internal::BooleanConstant<false> /* convertible_to_T */) {
+  return Eq(value);
+}
+
 // Creates a monomorphic matcher that matches anything with type Lhs
 // and equal to rhs.  A user may need to use this instead of Eq(...)
 // in order to resolve an overloading ambiguity.
@@ -3985,6 +4366,16 @@
   // to compile where bar is an int32 and m is a matcher for int64.
 }
 
+// Same as Field() but also takes the name of the field to provide better error
+// messages.
+template <typename Class, typename FieldType, typename FieldMatcher>
+inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::FieldMatcher<Class, FieldType> > Field(
+    const std::string& field_name, FieldType Class::*field,
+    const FieldMatcher& matcher) {
+  return MakePolymorphicMatcher(internal::FieldMatcher<Class, FieldType>(
+      field_name, field, MatcherCast<const FieldType&>(matcher)));
+}
+
 // Creates a matcher that matches an object whose given property
 // matches 'matcher'.  For example,
 //   Property(&Foo::str, StartsWith("hi"))
@@ -4005,6 +4396,21 @@
   // to compile where bar() returns an int32 and m is a matcher for int64.
 }
 
+// Same as Property() above, but also takes the name of the property to provide
+// better error messages.
+template <typename Class, typename PropertyType, typename PropertyMatcher>
+inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::PropertyMatcher<
+    Class, PropertyType, PropertyType (Class::*)() const> >
+Property(const std::string& property_name,
+         PropertyType (Class::*property)() const,
+         const PropertyMatcher& matcher) {
+  return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
+      internal::PropertyMatcher<Class, PropertyType,
+                                PropertyType (Class::*)() const>(
+          property_name, property,
+          MatcherCast<GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(PropertyType)>(matcher)));
+}
+
 #if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 // The same as above but for reference-qualified member functions.
 template <typename Class, typename PropertyType, typename PropertyMatcher>
@@ -4033,6 +4439,7 @@
 //     concurrent access.
 //   * If it is a function object, it has to define type result_type.
 //     We recommend deriving your functor classes from std::unary_function.
+//
 template <typename Callable, typename ResultOfMatcher>
 internal::ResultOfMatcher<Callable> ResultOf(
     Callable callable, const ResultOfMatcher& matcher) {
@@ -4123,53 +4530,53 @@
 // Wide string matchers.
 
 // Matches a string equal to str.
-inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::StrEqualityMatcher<internal::wstring> >
-    StrEq(const internal::wstring& str) {
-  return MakePolymorphicMatcher(internal::StrEqualityMatcher<internal::wstring>(
-      str, true, true));
+inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::StrEqualityMatcher<std::wstring> > StrEq(
+    const std::wstring& str) {
+  return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
+      internal::StrEqualityMatcher<std::wstring>(str, true, true));
 }
 
 // Matches a string not equal to str.
-inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::StrEqualityMatcher<internal::wstring> >
-    StrNe(const internal::wstring& str) {
-  return MakePolymorphicMatcher(internal::StrEqualityMatcher<internal::wstring>(
-      str, false, true));
+inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::StrEqualityMatcher<std::wstring> > StrNe(
+    const std::wstring& str) {
+  return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
+      internal::StrEqualityMatcher<std::wstring>(str, false, true));
 }
 
 // Matches a string equal to str, ignoring case.
-inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::StrEqualityMatcher<internal::wstring> >
-    StrCaseEq(const internal::wstring& str) {
-  return MakePolymorphicMatcher(internal::StrEqualityMatcher<internal::wstring>(
-      str, true, false));
+inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::StrEqualityMatcher<std::wstring> >
+StrCaseEq(const std::wstring& str) {
+  return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
+      internal::StrEqualityMatcher<std::wstring>(str, true, false));
 }
 
 // Matches a string not equal to str, ignoring case.
-inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::StrEqualityMatcher<internal::wstring> >
-    StrCaseNe(const internal::wstring& str) {
-  return MakePolymorphicMatcher(internal::StrEqualityMatcher<internal::wstring>(
-      str, false, false));
+inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::StrEqualityMatcher<std::wstring> >
+StrCaseNe(const std::wstring& str) {
+  return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
+      internal::StrEqualityMatcher<std::wstring>(str, false, false));
 }
 
-// Creates a matcher that matches any wstring, std::wstring, or C wide string
+// Creates a matcher that matches any ::wstring, std::wstring, or C wide string
 // that contains the given substring.
-inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::HasSubstrMatcher<internal::wstring> >
-    HasSubstr(const internal::wstring& substring) {
-  return MakePolymorphicMatcher(internal::HasSubstrMatcher<internal::wstring>(
-      substring));
+inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::HasSubstrMatcher<std::wstring> > HasSubstr(
+    const std::wstring& substring) {
+  return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
+      internal::HasSubstrMatcher<std::wstring>(substring));
 }
 
 // Matches a string that starts with 'prefix' (case-sensitive).
-inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::StartsWithMatcher<internal::wstring> >
-    StartsWith(const internal::wstring& prefix) {
-  return MakePolymorphicMatcher(internal::StartsWithMatcher<internal::wstring>(
-      prefix));
+inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::StartsWithMatcher<std::wstring> >
+StartsWith(const std::wstring& prefix) {
+  return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
+      internal::StartsWithMatcher<std::wstring>(prefix));
 }
 
 // Matches a string that ends with 'suffix' (case-sensitive).
-inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::EndsWithMatcher<internal::wstring> >
-    EndsWith(const internal::wstring& suffix) {
-  return MakePolymorphicMatcher(internal::EndsWithMatcher<internal::wstring>(
-      suffix));
+inline PolymorphicMatcher<internal::EndsWithMatcher<std::wstring> > EndsWith(
+    const std::wstring& suffix) {
+  return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
+      internal::EndsWithMatcher<std::wstring>(suffix));
 }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING || GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
@@ -4198,6 +4605,58 @@
 // first field != the second field.
 inline internal::Ne2Matcher Ne() { return internal::Ne2Matcher(); }
 
+// Creates a polymorphic matcher that matches a 2-tuple where
+// FloatEq(first field) matches the second field.
+inline internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<float> FloatEq() {
+  return internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<float>();
+}
+
+// Creates a polymorphic matcher that matches a 2-tuple where
+// DoubleEq(first field) matches the second field.
+inline internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<double> DoubleEq() {
+  return internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<double>();
+}
+
+// Creates a polymorphic matcher that matches a 2-tuple where
+// FloatEq(first field) matches the second field with NaN equality.
+inline internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<float> NanSensitiveFloatEq() {
+  return internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<float>(true);
+}
+
+// Creates a polymorphic matcher that matches a 2-tuple where
+// DoubleEq(first field) matches the second field with NaN equality.
+inline internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<double> NanSensitiveDoubleEq() {
+  return internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<double>(true);
+}
+
+// Creates a polymorphic matcher that matches a 2-tuple where
+// FloatNear(first field, max_abs_error) matches the second field.
+inline internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<float> FloatNear(float max_abs_error) {
+  return internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<float>(max_abs_error);
+}
+
+// Creates a polymorphic matcher that matches a 2-tuple where
+// DoubleNear(first field, max_abs_error) matches the second field.
+inline internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<double> DoubleNear(double max_abs_error) {
+  return internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<double>(max_abs_error);
+}
+
+// Creates a polymorphic matcher that matches a 2-tuple where
+// FloatNear(first field, max_abs_error) matches the second field with NaN
+// equality.
+inline internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<float> NanSensitiveFloatNear(
+    float max_abs_error) {
+  return internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<float>(max_abs_error, true);
+}
+
+// Creates a polymorphic matcher that matches a 2-tuple where
+// DoubleNear(first field, max_abs_error) matches the second field with NaN
+// equality.
+inline internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<double> NanSensitiveDoubleNear(
+    double max_abs_error) {
+  return internal::FloatingEq2Matcher<double>(max_abs_error, true);
+}
+
 // Creates a matcher that matches any value of type T that m doesn't
 // match.
 template <typename InnerMatcher>
@@ -4575,6 +5034,28 @@
   return SafeMatcherCast<const T&>(matcher).MatchAndExplain(value, listener);
 }
 
+// Returns a string representation of the given matcher.  Useful for description
+// strings of matchers defined using MATCHER_P* macros that accept matchers as
+// their arguments.  For example:
+//
+// MATCHER_P(XAndYThat, matcher,
+//           "X that " + DescribeMatcher<int>(matcher, negation) +
+//               " and Y that " + DescribeMatcher<double>(matcher, negation)) {
+//   return ExplainMatchResult(matcher, arg.x(), result_listener) &&
+//          ExplainMatchResult(matcher, arg.y(), result_listener);
+// }
+template <typename T, typename M>
+std::string DescribeMatcher(const M& matcher, bool negation = false) {
+  ::std::stringstream ss;
+  Matcher<T> monomorphic_matcher = SafeMatcherCast<T>(matcher);
+  if (negation) {
+    monomorphic_matcher.DescribeNegationTo(&ss);
+  } else {
+    monomorphic_matcher.DescribeTo(&ss);
+  }
+  return ss.str();
+}
+
 #if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 // Define variadic matcher versions. They are overloaded in
 // gmock-generated-matchers.h for the cases supported by pre C++11 compilers.
@@ -4600,6 +5081,28 @@
 template <typename InnerMatcher>
 inline InnerMatcher AllArgs(const InnerMatcher& matcher) { return matcher; }
 
+// Returns a matcher that matches the value of an optional<> type variable.
+// The matcher implementation only uses '!arg' and requires that the optional<>
+// type has a 'value_type' member type and that '*arg' is of type 'value_type'
+// and is printable using 'PrintToString'. It is compatible with
+// std::optional/std::experimental::optional.
+// Note that to compare an optional type variable against nullopt you should
+// use Eq(nullopt) and not Optional(Eq(nullopt)). The latter implies that the
+// optional value contains an optional itself.
+template <typename ValueMatcher>
+inline internal::OptionalMatcher<ValueMatcher> Optional(
+    const ValueMatcher& value_matcher) {
+  return internal::OptionalMatcher<ValueMatcher>(value_matcher);
+}
+
+// Returns a matcher that matches the value of a absl::any type variable.
+template <typename T>
+PolymorphicMatcher<internal::any_cast_matcher::AnyCastMatcher<T> > AnyWith(
+    const Matcher<const T&>& matcher) {
+  return MakePolymorphicMatcher(
+      internal::any_cast_matcher::AnyCastMatcher<T>(matcher));
+}
+
 // Returns a matcher that matches the value of a variant<> type variable.
 // The matcher implementation uses ADL to find the holds_alternative and get
 // functions.
@@ -4626,4 +5129,5 @@
 // We must include this header at the end to make sure it can use the
 // declarations from this file.
 #include "gmock/internal/custom/gmock-matchers.h"
+
 #endif  // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_GMOCK_MATCHERS_H_
diff --git a/googlemock/include/gmock/internal/custom/gmock-matchers.h b/googlemock/include/gmock/internal/custom/gmock-matchers.h
index f2efef9..fe0d9e8 100644
--- a/googlemock/include/gmock/internal/custom/gmock-matchers.h
+++ b/googlemock/include/gmock/internal/custom/gmock-matchers.h
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@
 //
 // Adds google3 callback support to CallableTraits.
 //
-#ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_CALLBACK_MATCHERS_H_
-#define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_CALLBACK_MATCHERS_H_
-
-#endif  //  GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_CALLBACK_MATCHERS_H_
+#ifndef GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GMOCK_MATCHERS_H_
+#define GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GMOCK_MATCHERS_H_
+#endif  // GMOCK_INCLUDE_GMOCK_INTERNAL_CUSTOM_GMOCK_MATCHERS_H_
diff --git a/googlemock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h b/googlemock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h
index 319b389..37ceb54 100644
--- a/googlemock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h
+++ b/googlemock/include/gmock/internal/gmock-internal-utils.h
@@ -117,9 +117,11 @@
 // To gcc,
 //   wchar_t == signed wchar_t != unsigned wchar_t == unsigned int
 #ifdef __GNUC__
+#if !defined(__WCHAR_UNSIGNED__)
 // signed/unsigned wchar_t are valid types.
 # define GMOCK_HAS_SIGNED_WCHAR_T_ 1
 #endif
+#endif
 
 // In what follows, we use the term "kind" to indicate whether a type
 // is bool, an integer type (excluding bool), a floating-point type,
diff --git a/googlemock/src/gmock-internal-utils.cc b/googlemock/src/gmock-internal-utils.cc
index 658fa62..20c5a8d 100644
--- a/googlemock/src/gmock-internal-utils.cc
+++ b/googlemock/src/gmock-internal-utils.cc
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@
 // words.  Each maximum substring of the form [A-Za-z][a-z]*|\d+ is
 // treated as one word.  For example, both "FooBar123" and
 // "foo_bar_123" are converted to "foo bar 123".
-GTEST_API_ string ConvertIdentifierNameToWords(const char* id_name) {
-  string result;
+GTEST_API_ std::string ConvertIdentifierNameToWords(const char* id_name) {
+  std::string result;
   char prev_char = '\0';
   for (const char* p = id_name; *p != '\0'; prev_char = *(p++)) {
     // We don't care about the current locale as the input is
@@ -188,5 +188,15 @@
   std::cout << ::std::flush;
 }
 
+void IllegalDoDefault(const char* file, int line) {
+  internal::Assert(
+      false, file, line,
+      "You are using DoDefault() inside a composite action like "
+      "DoAll() or WithArgs().  This is not supported for technical "
+      "reasons.  Please instead spell out the default action, or "
+      "assign the default action to an Action variable and use "
+      "the variable in various places.");
+}
+
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace testing
diff --git a/googlemock/src/gmock-matchers.cc b/googlemock/src/gmock-matchers.cc
index 88e4008..a5ed686 100644
--- a/googlemock/src/gmock-matchers.cc
+++ b/googlemock/src/gmock-matchers.cc
@@ -44,60 +44,67 @@
 
 namespace testing {
 
-// Constructs a matcher that matches a const string& whose value is
+// Constructs a matcher that matches a const std::string& whose value is
 // equal to s.
-Matcher<const internal::string&>::Matcher(const internal::string& s) {
-  *this = Eq(s);
+Matcher<const std::string&>::Matcher(const std::string& s) { *this = Eq(s); }
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+// Constructs a matcher that matches a const std::string& whose value is
+// equal to s.
+Matcher<const std::string&>::Matcher(const ::string& s) {
+  *this = Eq(static_cast<std::string>(s));
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+
+// Constructs a matcher that matches a const std::string& whose value is
+// equal to s.
+Matcher<const std::string&>::Matcher(const char* s) {
+  *this = Eq(std::string(s));
 }
 
-// Constructs a matcher that matches a const string& whose value is
-// equal to s.
-Matcher<const internal::string&>::Matcher(const char* s) {
-  *this = Eq(internal::string(s));
+// Constructs a matcher that matches a std::string whose value is equal to
+// s.
+Matcher<std::string>::Matcher(const std::string& s) { *this = Eq(s); }
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+// Constructs a matcher that matches a std::string whose value is equal to
+// s.
+Matcher<std::string>::Matcher(const ::string& s) {
+  *this = Eq(static_cast<std::string>(s));
 }
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+
+// Constructs a matcher that matches a std::string whose value is equal to
+// s.
+Matcher<std::string>::Matcher(const char* s) { *this = Eq(std::string(s)); }
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+// Constructs a matcher that matches a const ::string& whose value is
+// equal to s.
+Matcher<const ::string&>::Matcher(const std::string& s) {
+  *this = Eq(static_cast<::string>(s));
+}
+
+// Constructs a matcher that matches a const ::string& whose value is
+// equal to s.
+Matcher<const ::string&>::Matcher(const ::string& s) { *this = Eq(s); }
+
+// Constructs a matcher that matches a const ::string& whose value is
+// equal to s.
+Matcher<const ::string&>::Matcher(const char* s) { *this = Eq(::string(s)); }
+
+// Constructs a matcher that matches a ::string whose value is equal to s.
+Matcher<::string>::Matcher(const std::string& s) {
+  *this = Eq(static_cast<::string>(s));
+}
+
+// Constructs a matcher that matches a ::string whose value is equal to s.
+Matcher<::string>::Matcher(const ::string& s) { *this = Eq(s); }
 
 // Constructs a matcher that matches a string whose value is equal to s.
-Matcher<internal::string>::Matcher(const internal::string& s) { *this = Eq(s); }
+Matcher<::string>::Matcher(const char* s) { *this = Eq(::string(s)); }
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 
-// Constructs a matcher that matches a string whose value is equal to s.
-Matcher<internal::string>::Matcher(const char* s) {
-  *this = Eq(internal::string(s));
-}
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_STRING_PIECE_
-// Constructs a matcher that matches a const StringPiece& whose value is
-// equal to s.
-Matcher<const StringPiece&>::Matcher(const internal::string& s) {
-  *this = Eq(s);
-}
-
-// Constructs a matcher that matches a const StringPiece& whose value is
-// equal to s.
-Matcher<const StringPiece&>::Matcher(const char* s) {
-  *this = Eq(internal::string(s));
-}
-
-// Constructs a matcher that matches a const StringPiece& whose value is
-// equal to s.
-Matcher<const StringPiece&>::Matcher(StringPiece s) {
-  *this = Eq(s.ToString());
-}
-
-// Constructs a matcher that matches a StringPiece whose value is equal to s.
-Matcher<StringPiece>::Matcher(const internal::string& s) {
-  *this = Eq(s);
-}
-
-// Constructs a matcher that matches a StringPiece whose value is equal to s.
-Matcher<StringPiece>::Matcher(const char* s) {
-  *this = Eq(internal::string(s));
-}
-
-// Constructs a matcher that matches a StringPiece whose value is equal to s.
-Matcher<StringPiece>::Matcher(StringPiece s) {
-  *this = Eq(s.ToString());
-}
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STRING_PIECE_
 
 namespace internal {
 
diff --git a/googlemock/src/gmock.cc b/googlemock/src/gmock.cc
index 3c37051..2308168 100644
--- a/googlemock/src/gmock.cc
+++ b/googlemock/src/gmock.cc
@@ -136,8 +136,8 @@
   if (value_str == NULL) return false;
 
   // Sets *value to the value of the flag.
-  *value = atoi(value_str);
-  return true;
+  return ParseInt32(Message() << "The value of flag --" << flag,
+                    value_str, value);
 }
 
 // The internal implementation of InitGoogleMock().
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock-actions_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock-actions_test.cc
index f721839..0128663 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock-actions_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock-actions_test.cc
@@ -107,7 +107,11 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<signed wchar_t>::Get());
 #endif
 #if GMOCK_WCHAR_T_IS_NATIVE_
+#if !defined(__WCHAR_UNSIGNED__)
   EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<wchar_t>::Get());
+#else
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, BuiltInDefaultValue<wchar_t>::Get());
+#endif
 #endif
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, BuiltInDefaultValue<unsigned short>::Get());  // NOLINT
   EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<signed short>::Get());  // NOLINT
@@ -214,7 +218,7 @@
   int value_;
 };
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TYPE_TRAITS_
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 
 TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, ExistsForDefaultConstructibleType) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<MyDefaultConstructible>::Exists());
@@ -224,7 +228,7 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(42, BuiltInDefaultValue<MyDefaultConstructible>::Get().value());
 }
 
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_TYPE_TRAITS_
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 
 TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, DoesNotExistForNonDefaultConstructibleType) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(BuiltInDefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible>::Exists());
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock-internal-utils_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock-internal-utils_test.cc
index c7893ae..f8633df 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock-internal-utils_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock-internal-utils_test.cc
@@ -44,7 +44,15 @@
 #include "gmock/internal/gmock-port.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
+
+// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
+// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
+// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
+// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
+// their code.
+#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
+#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
 
 #if GTEST_OS_CYGWIN
 # include <sys/types.h>  // For ssize_t. NOLINT
@@ -61,6 +69,26 @@
 
 namespace {
 
+TEST(JoinAsTupleTest, JoinsEmptyTuple) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("", JoinAsTuple(Strings()));
+}
+
+TEST(JoinAsTupleTest, JoinsOneTuple) {
+  const char* fields[] = {"1"};
+  EXPECT_EQ("1", JoinAsTuple(Strings(fields, fields + 1)));
+}
+
+TEST(JoinAsTupleTest, JoinsTwoTuple) {
+  const char* fields[] = {"1", "a"};
+  EXPECT_EQ("(1, a)", JoinAsTuple(Strings(fields, fields + 2)));
+}
+
+TEST(JoinAsTupleTest, JoinsTenTuple) {
+  const char* fields[] = {"1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10"};
+  EXPECT_EQ("(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)",
+            JoinAsTuple(Strings(fields, fields + 10)));
+}
+
 TEST(ConvertIdentifierNameToWordsTest, WorksWhenNameContainsNoWord) {
   EXPECT_EQ("", ConvertIdentifierNameToWords(""));
   EXPECT_EQ("", ConvertIdentifierNameToWords("_"));
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock_link_test.h b/googlemock/test/gmock_link_test.h
index 5f855d1..06a1cf8 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock_link_test.h
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock_link_test.h
@@ -90,8 +90,10 @@
 //      Field
 //      Property
 //      ResultOf(function)
+//      ResultOf(callback)
 //      Pointee
 //      Truly(predicate)
+//      AddressSatisfies
 //      AllOf
 //      AnyOf
 //      Not
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock_output_test_.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock_output_test_.cc
index 44cba34..d80e2b0 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock_output_test_.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock_output_test_.cc
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 using testing::Ref;
 using testing::Return;
 using testing::Sequence;
+using testing::Value;
 
 class MockFoo {
  public:
@@ -268,6 +269,10 @@
   // Both foo1 and foo2 are deliberately leaked.
 }
 
+MATCHER_P2(IsPair, first, second, "") {
+  return Value(arg.first, first) && Value(arg.second, second);
+}
+
 void TestCatchesLeakedMocksInAdHocTests() {
   MockFoo* foo = new MockFoo;
 
@@ -280,7 +285,6 @@
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   testing::InitGoogleMock(&argc, argv);
-
   // Ensures that the tests pass no matter what value of
   // --gmock_catch_leaked_mocks and --gmock_verbose the user specifies.
   testing::GMOCK_FLAG(catch_leaked_mocks) = true;
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h
index 19fae39..e155763 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h
@@ -1371,8 +1371,6 @@
 }
 # endif  // GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
 
-
-
 # define TEST_P(test_case_name, test_name) \
   class GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name) \
       : public test_case_name { \
@@ -1386,8 +1384,8 @@
               #test_case_name, \
               ::testing::internal::CodeLocation(\
                   __FILE__, __LINE__))->AddTestPattern(\
-                      #test_case_name, \
-                      #test_name, \
+                      GTEST_STRINGIFY_(test_case_name), \
+                      GTEST_STRINGIFY_(test_name), \
                       new ::testing::internal::TestMetaFactory< \
                           GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(\
                               test_case_name, test_name)>()); \
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h.pump b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h.pump
index d8870af..8726fb3 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h.pump
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h.pump
@@ -436,8 +436,6 @@
 ]]
 # endif  // GTEST_HAS_COMBINE
 
-
-
 # define TEST_P(test_case_name, test_name) \
   class GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name) \
       : public test_case_name { \
@@ -451,8 +449,8 @@
               #test_case_name, \
               ::testing::internal::CodeLocation(\
                   __FILE__, __LINE__))->AddTestPattern(\
-                      #test_case_name, \
-                      #test_name, \
+                      GTEST_STRINGIFY_(test_case_name), \
+                      GTEST_STRINGIFY_(test_name), \
                       new ::testing::internal::TestMetaFactory< \
                           GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(\
                               test_case_name, test_name)>()); \
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-printers.h b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-printers.h
index 2c83c3f..36f4042 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-printers.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-printers.h
@@ -509,17 +509,19 @@
   // function pointers so that the `*os << p` in the object pointer overload
   // doesn't cause that warning either.
   DefaultPrintTo(
-      WrapPrinterType<
-          (sizeof(IsContainerTest<T>(0)) == sizeof(IsContainer)) && !IsRecursiveContainer<T>::value
-            ? kPrintContainer : !is_pointer<T>::value
-              ? kPrintOther
+      WrapPrinterType <
+                  (sizeof(IsContainerTest<T>(0)) == sizeof(IsContainer)) &&
+              !IsRecursiveContainer<T>::value
+          ? kPrintContainer
+          : !is_pointer<T>::value
+                ? kPrintOther
 #if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
                 : std::is_function<typename std::remove_pointer<T>::type>::value
 #else
                 : !internal::ImplicitlyConvertible<T, const void*>::value
 #endif
                       ? kPrintFunctionPointer
-                      : kPrintPointer>(),
+                      : kPrintPointer > (),
       value, os);
 }
 
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h
index a9e6610..88e7799 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h
@@ -217,14 +217,18 @@
 // can be streamed.
 
 // This macro is for implementing ASSERT/EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH when compiled in
-// NDEBUG mode. In this case we need the statements to be executed, the regex is
-// ignored, and the macro must accept a streamed message even though the message
-// is never printed.
-# define GTEST_EXECUTE_STATEMENT_(statement, regex) \
-  GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
-  if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { \
-     GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement); \
-  } else \
+// NDEBUG mode. In this case we need the statements to be executed and the macro
+// must accept a streamed message even though the message is never printed.
+// The regex object is not evaluated, but it is used to prevent "unused"
+// warnings and to avoid an expression that doesn't compile in debug mode.
+#define GTEST_EXECUTE_STATEMENT_(statement, regex)             \
+  GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_                                \
+  if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) {                     \
+    GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement); \
+  } else if (!::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) {             \
+    const ::testing::internal::RE& gtest_regex = (regex);      \
+    static_cast<void>(gtest_regex);                            \
+  } else                                                       \
     ::testing::Message()
 
 // A class representing the parsed contents of the
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h
index db5a4ef..ffc22f9 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h
@@ -75,6 +75,9 @@
 #define GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(foo, bar) GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_IMPL_(foo, bar)
 #define GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_IMPL_(foo, bar) foo ## bar
 
+// Stringifies its argument.
+#define GTEST_STRINGIFY_(name) #name
+
 class ProtocolMessage;
 namespace proto2 { class Message; }
 
@@ -872,8 +875,11 @@
 // a container class by checking the type of IsContainerTest<C>(0).
 // The value of the expression is insignificant.
 //
-// Note that we look for both C::iterator and C::const_iterator.  The
-// reason is that C++ injects the name of a class as a member of the
+// In C++11 mode we check the existence of a const_iterator and that an
+// iterator is properly implemented for the container.
+//
+// For pre-C++11 that we look for both C::iterator and C::const_iterator.
+// The reason is that C++ injects the name of a class as a member of the
 // class itself (e.g. you can refer to class iterator as either
 // 'iterator' or 'iterator::iterator').  If we look for C::iterator
 // only, for example, we would mistakenly think that a class named
@@ -883,40 +889,94 @@
 // IsContainerTest(typename C::const_iterator*) and
 // IsContainerTest(...) doesn't work with Visual Age C++ and Sun C++.
 typedef int IsContainer;
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+template <class C,
+          class Iterator = decltype(::std::declval<const C&>().begin()),
+          class = decltype(::std::declval<const C&>().end()),
+          class = decltype(++::std::declval<Iterator&>()),
+          class = decltype(*::std::declval<Iterator>()),
+          class = typename C::const_iterator>
+IsContainer IsContainerTest(int /* dummy */) {
+  return 0;
+}
+#else
 template <class C>
 IsContainer IsContainerTest(int /* dummy */,
                             typename C::iterator* /* it */ = NULL,
                             typename C::const_iterator* /* const_it */ = NULL) {
   return 0;
 }
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 
 typedef char IsNotContainer;
 template <class C>
 IsNotContainer IsContainerTest(long /* dummy */) { return '\0'; }
 
-template <typename C, bool = 
-  sizeof(IsContainerTest<C>(0)) == sizeof(IsContainer)
->
+// Trait to detect whether a type T is a hash table.
+// The heuristic used is that the type contains an inner type `hasher` and does
+// not contain an inner type `reverse_iterator`.
+// If the container is iterable in reverse, then order might actually matter.
+template <typename T>
+struct IsHashTable {
+ private:
+  template <typename U>
+  static char test(typename U::hasher*, typename U::reverse_iterator*);
+  template <typename U>
+  static int test(typename U::hasher*, ...);
+  template <typename U>
+  static char test(...);
+
+ public:
+  static const bool value = sizeof(test<T>(0, 0)) == sizeof(int);
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+const bool IsHashTable<T>::value;
+
+template<typename T>
+struct VoidT {
+    typedef void value_type;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename = void>
+struct HasValueType : false_type {};
+template <typename T>
+struct HasValueType<T, VoidT<typename T::value_type> > : true_type {
+};
+
+template <typename C,
+          bool = sizeof(IsContainerTest<C>(0)) == sizeof(IsContainer),
+          bool = HasValueType<C>::value>
 struct IsRecursiveContainerImpl;
 
+template <typename C, bool HV>
+struct IsRecursiveContainerImpl<C, false, HV> : public false_type {};
+
+// Since the IsRecursiveContainerImpl depends on the IsContainerTest we need to
+// obey the same inconsistencies as the IsContainerTest, namely check if
+// something is a container is relying on only const_iterator in C++11 and
+// is relying on both const_iterator and iterator otherwise
 template <typename C>
-struct IsRecursiveContainerImpl<C, false> : public false_type {};
+struct IsRecursiveContainerImpl<C, true, false> : public false_type {};
 
 template <typename C>
-struct IsRecursiveContainerImpl<C, true> {
-  typedef
-    typename IteratorTraits<typename C::iterator>::value_type
-  value_type;
+struct IsRecursiveContainerImpl<C, true, true> {
+  #if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+  typedef typename IteratorTraits<typename C::const_iterator>::value_type
+      value_type;
+#else
+  typedef typename IteratorTraits<typename C::iterator>::value_type value_type;
+#endif
   typedef is_same<value_type, C> type;
 };
 
 // IsRecursiveContainer<Type> is a unary compile-time predicate that
-// evaluates whether C is a recursive container type. A recursive container 
+// evaluates whether C is a recursive container type. A recursive container
 // type is a container type whose value_type is equal to the container type
-// itself. An example for a recursive container type is 
-// boost::filesystem::path, whose iterator has a value_type that is equal to 
+// itself. An example for a recursive container type is
+// boost::filesystem::path, whose iterator has a value_type that is equal to
 // boost::filesystem::path.
-template<typename C>
+template <typename C>
 struct IsRecursiveContainer : public IsRecursiveContainerImpl<C>::type {};
 
 // EnableIf<condition>::type is void when 'Cond' is true, and
@@ -1215,4 +1275,3 @@
 void GTEST_TEST_CLASS_NAME_(test_case_name, test_name)::TestBody()
 
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_INTERNAL_H_
-
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
index 4d5aa04..e8cc5ae 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
@@ -363,14 +363,14 @@
 #if GTEST_STDLIB_CXX11
 # define GTEST_HAS_STD_BEGIN_AND_END_ 1
 # define GTEST_HAS_STD_FORWARD_LIST_ 1
-# if !defined(_MSC_VER) || (_MSC_FULL_VER >= 190023824) // works only with VS2015U2 and better
+# if !defined(_MSC_VER) || (_MSC_FULL_VER >= 190023824)
+// works only with VS2015U2 and better
 #   define GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ 1
 # endif
 # define GTEST_HAS_STD_INITIALIZER_LIST_ 1
 # define GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_ 1
-# define GTEST_HAS_STD_SHARED_PTR_ 1
-# define GTEST_HAS_STD_TYPE_TRAITS_ 1
 # define GTEST_HAS_STD_UNIQUE_PTR_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_SHARED_PTR_ 1
 # define GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_MAP_ 1
 # define GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_SET_ 1
 #endif
@@ -519,7 +519,7 @@
 # define GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING 1
 #elif !GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING
 // The user told us that ::std::string isn't available.
-# error "Google Test cannot be used where ::std::string isn't available."
+# error "::std::string isn't available."
 #endif  // !defined(GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING)
 
 #ifndef GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
@@ -889,6 +889,12 @@
 # define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_
 #endif
 
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+# define GTEST_CXX11_EQUALS_DELETE_ = delete
+#else  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+# define GTEST_CXX11_EQUALS_DELETE_
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+
 // Use this annotation before a function that takes a printf format string.
 #if (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)) && !defined(COMPILER_ICC)
 # if defined(__MINGW_PRINTF_FORMAT)
@@ -906,15 +912,16 @@
 # define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_PRINTF_(string_index, first_to_check)
 #endif
 
+
 // A macro to disallow operator=
 // This should be used in the private: declarations for a class.
-#define GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(type)\
-  void operator=(type const &)
+#define GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(type) \
+  void operator=(type const &) GTEST_CXX11_EQUALS_DELETE_
 
 // A macro to disallow copy constructor and operator=
 // This should be used in the private: declarations for a class.
-#define GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(type)\
-  type(type const &);\
+#define GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(type) \
+  type(type const &) GTEST_CXX11_EQUALS_DELETE_; \
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(type)
 
 // Tell the compiler to warn about unused return values for functions declared
@@ -975,13 +982,13 @@
 # endif
 #elif __GNUC__ >= 4 || defined(__clang__)
 # define GTEST_API_ __attribute__((visibility ("default")))
-#endif // _MSC_VER
+#endif  // _MSC_VER
 
-#endif // GTEST_API_
+#endif  // GTEST_API_
 
 #ifndef GTEST_API_
 # define GTEST_API_
-#endif // GTEST_API_
+#endif  // GTEST_API_
 
 #ifndef GTEST_DEFAULT_DEATH_TEST_STYLE
 # define GTEST_DEFAULT_DEATH_TEST_STYLE  "fast"
@@ -995,10 +1002,12 @@
 #endif
 
 // _LIBCPP_VERSION is defined by the libc++ library from the LLVM project.
-#if defined(__GLIBCXX__) || (defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION) && !defined(_MSC_VER))
-# define GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ 1
-#else
-# define GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ 0
+#if !defined(GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_)
+# if defined(__GLIBCXX__) || (defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION) && !defined(_MSC_VER))
+#  define GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ 1
+# else
+#  define GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ 0
+# endif
 #endif
 
 // A function level attribute to disable checking for use of uninitialized
@@ -1425,6 +1434,8 @@
 const T& move(const T& t) {
   return t;
 }
+template <typename T>
+GTEST_ADD_REFERENCE_(T) forward(GTEST_ADD_REFERENCE_(T) t) { return t; }
 
 template <typename T>
 struct RvalueRef {
@@ -1537,14 +1548,18 @@
 GTEST_API_ std::string ReadEntireFile(FILE* file);
 
 // All command line arguments.
-GTEST_API_ const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>& GetArgvs();
+GTEST_API_ std::vector<std::string> GetArgvs();
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
-const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>& GetInjectableArgvs();
-void SetInjectableArgvs(const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>*
-                             new_argvs);
-
+std::vector<std::string> GetInjectableArgvs();
+// Deprecated: pass the args vector by value instead.
+void SetInjectableArgvs(const std::vector<std::string>* new_argvs);
+void SetInjectableArgvs(const std::vector<std::string>& new_argvs);
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+void SetInjectableArgvs(const std::vector< ::string>& new_argvs);
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+void ClearInjectableArgvs();
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
@@ -2325,6 +2340,7 @@
 template <typename T>
 struct is_same<T, T> : public true_type {};
 
+
 template <typename T>
 struct is_pointer : public false_type {};
 
@@ -2336,6 +2352,7 @@
   typedef typename Iterator::value_type value_type;
 };
 
+
 template <typename T>
 struct IteratorTraits<T*> {
   typedef T value_type;
@@ -2631,15 +2648,15 @@
 # define GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(name) GTEST_API_ extern bool GTEST_FLAG(name)
 # define GTEST_DECLARE_int32_(name) \
     GTEST_API_ extern ::testing::internal::Int32 GTEST_FLAG(name)
-#define GTEST_DECLARE_string_(name) \
+# define GTEST_DECLARE_string_(name) \
     GTEST_API_ extern ::std::string GTEST_FLAG(name)
 
 // Macros for defining flags.
-#define GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(name, default_val, doc) \
+# define GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(name, default_val, doc) \
     GTEST_API_ bool GTEST_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
-#define GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(name, default_val, doc) \
+# define GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(name, default_val, doc) \
     GTEST_API_ ::testing::internal::Int32 GTEST_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
-#define GTEST_DEFINE_string_(name, default_val, doc) \
+# define GTEST_DEFINE_string_(name, default_val, doc) \
     GTEST_API_ ::std::string GTEST_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
 
 #endif  // !defined(GTEST_DECLARE_bool_)
@@ -2662,10 +2679,10 @@
 // corresponding to the given Google Test flag.
 bool BoolFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, bool default_val);
 GTEST_API_ Int32 Int32FromGTestEnv(const char* flag, Int32 default_val);
-std::string StringFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_val);
+std::string OutputFlagAlsoCheckEnvVar();
+const char* StringFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_val);
 
 }  // namespace internal
-
 }  // namespace testing
 
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_H_
diff --git a/googletest/scripts/gen_gtest_pred_impl.py b/googletest/scripts/gen_gtest_pred_impl.py
index 3e7ab04..b43efdf 100755
--- a/googletest/scripts/gen_gtest_pred_impl.py
+++ b/googletest/scripts/gen_gtest_pred_impl.py
@@ -115,10 +115,9 @@
 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PRED_IMPL_H_
 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PRED_IMPL_H_
 
-// Makes sure this header is not included before gtest.h.
-#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
-# error Do not include gtest_pred_impl.h directly.  Include gtest.h instead.
-#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_H_
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace testing {
 
 // This header implements a family of generic predicate assertion
 // macros:
@@ -295,16 +294,17 @@
 
   return """
 
+}  // namespace testing
+
 #endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_PRED_IMPL_H_
 """
 
 
 def GenerateFile(path, content):
-  """Given a file path and a content string, overwrites it with the
-  given content."""
-
+  """Given a file path and a content string
+     overwrites it with the given content.
+  """
   print 'Updating file %s . . .' % path
-
   f = file(path, 'w+')
   print >>f, content,
   f.close()
@@ -314,8 +314,8 @@
 
 def GenerateHeader(n):
   """Given the maximum arity n, updates the header file that implements
-  the predicate assertions."""
-
+  the predicate assertions.
+  """
   GenerateFile(HEADER,
                HeaderPreamble(n)
                + ''.join([ImplementationForArity(i) for i in OneTo(n)])
diff --git a/googletest/src/gtest-port.cc b/googletest/src/gtest-port.cc
index af0d120..d32afb1 100644
--- a/googletest/src/gtest-port.cc
+++ b/googletest/src/gtest-port.cc
@@ -1081,22 +1081,36 @@
 }
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+static const std::vector<std::string>* g_injected_test_argvs = NULL;  // Owned.
 
-static const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>* g_injected_test_argvs =
-                                        NULL;  // Owned.
-
-void SetInjectableArgvs(const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>* argvs) {
-  if (g_injected_test_argvs != argvs)
-    delete g_injected_test_argvs;
-  g_injected_test_argvs = argvs;
-}
-
-const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>& GetInjectableArgvs() {
+std::vector<std::string> GetInjectableArgvs() {
   if (g_injected_test_argvs != NULL) {
     return *g_injected_test_argvs;
   }
   return GetArgvs();
 }
+
+void SetInjectableArgvs(const std::vector<std::string>* new_argvs) {
+  if (g_injected_test_argvs != new_argvs) delete g_injected_test_argvs;
+  g_injected_test_argvs = new_argvs;
+}
+
+void SetInjectableArgvs(const std::vector<std::string>& new_argvs) {
+  SetInjectableArgvs(
+      new std::vector<std::string>(new_argvs.begin(), new_argvs.end()));
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+void SetInjectableArgvs(const std::vector< ::string>& new_argvs) {
+  SetInjectableArgvs(
+      new std::vector<std::string>(new_argvs.begin(), new_argvs.end()));
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+
+void ClearInjectableArgvs() {
+  delete g_injected_test_argvs;
+  g_injected_test_argvs = NULL;
+}
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
@@ -1171,11 +1185,12 @@
 bool BoolFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, bool default_value) {
 #if defined(GTEST_GET_BOOL_FROM_ENV_)
   return GTEST_GET_BOOL_FROM_ENV_(flag, default_value);
-#endif  // defined(GTEST_GET_BOOL_FROM_ENV_)
+#else
   const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
   const char* const string_value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
   return string_value == NULL ?
       default_value : strcmp(string_value, "0") != 0;
+#endif  // defined(GTEST_GET_BOOL_FROM_ENV_)
 }
 
 // Reads and returns a 32-bit integer stored in the environment
@@ -1184,7 +1199,7 @@
 Int32 Int32FromGTestEnv(const char* flag, Int32 default_value) {
 #if defined(GTEST_GET_INT32_FROM_ENV_)
   return GTEST_GET_INT32_FROM_ENV_(flag, default_value);
-#endif  // defined(GTEST_GET_INT32_FROM_ENV_)
+#else
   const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
   const char* const string_value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
   if (string_value == NULL) {
@@ -1202,37 +1217,36 @@
   }
 
   return result;
+#endif  // defined(GTEST_GET_INT32_FROM_ENV_)
+}
+
+// As a special case for the 'output' flag, if GTEST_OUTPUT is not
+// set, we look for XML_OUTPUT_FILE, which is set by the Bazel build
+// system.  The value of XML_OUTPUT_FILE is a filename without the
+// "xml:" prefix of GTEST_OUTPUT.
+// Note that this is meant to be called at the call site so it does
+// not check that the flag is 'output'
+// In essence this checks an env variable called XML_OUTPUT_FILE
+// and if it is set we prepend "xml:" to its value, if it not set we return ""
+std::string OutputFlagAlsoCheckEnvVar(){
+  std::string default_value_for_output_flag = "";
+  const char* xml_output_file_env = posix::GetEnv("XML_OUTPUT_FILE");
+  if (NULL != xml_output_file_env) {
+    default_value_for_output_flag = std::string("xml:") + xml_output_file_env;
+  }
+  return default_value_for_output_flag;
 }
 
 // Reads and returns the string environment variable corresponding to
 // the given flag; if it's not set, returns default_value.
-std::string StringFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_value) {
+const char* StringFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_value) {
 #if defined(GTEST_GET_STRING_FROM_ENV_)
   return GTEST_GET_STRING_FROM_ENV_(flag, default_value);
-#endif  // defined(GTEST_GET_STRING_FROM_ENV_)
+#else
   const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
-  const char* value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
-  if (value != NULL) {
-    return value;
-  }
-
-  // As a special case for the 'output' flag, if GTEST_OUTPUT is not
-  // set, we look for XML_OUTPUT_FILE, which is set by the Bazel build
-  // system.  The value of XML_OUTPUT_FILE is a filename without the
-  // "xml:" prefix of GTEST_OUTPUT.
-  //
-  // The net priority order after flag processing is thus:
-  //   --gtest_output command line flag
-  //   GTEST_OUTPUT environment variable
-  //   XML_OUTPUT_FILE environment variable
-  //   'default_value'
-  if (strcmp(flag, "output") == 0) {
-    value = posix::GetEnv("XML_OUTPUT_FILE");
-    if (value != NULL) {
-      return std::string("xml:") + value;
-    }
-  }
-  return default_value;
+  const char* const value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
+  return value == NULL ? default_value : value;
+#endif  // defined(GTEST_GET_STRING_FROM_ENV_)
 }
 
 }  // namespace internal
diff --git a/googletest/src/gtest.cc b/googletest/src/gtest.cc
index 248cfa5..948e4ea 100644
--- a/googletest/src/gtest.cc
+++ b/googletest/src/gtest.cc
@@ -230,9 +230,15 @@
 GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(list_tests, false,
                    "List all tests without running them.");
 
+// The net priority order after flag processing is thus:
+//   --gtest_output command line flag
+//   GTEST_OUTPUT environment variable
+//   XML_OUTPUT_FILE environment variable
+//   ''
 GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
     output,
-    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("output", ""),
+    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("output",
+      internal::OutputFlagAlsoCheckEnvVar().c_str()),
     "A format (defaults to \"xml\" but can be specified to be \"json\"), "
     "optionally followed by a colon and an output file name or directory. "
     "A directory is indicated by a trailing pathname separator. "
@@ -386,12 +392,15 @@
 GTEST_API_ GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_linked_ptr_mutex);
 
 // A copy of all command line arguments.  Set by InitGoogleTest().
-::std::vector<testing::internal::string> g_argvs;
+::std::vector<std::string> g_argvs;
 
-const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>& GetArgvs() {
+::std::vector<std::string> GetArgvs() {
 #if defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_GET_ARGVS_)
-  return GTEST_CUSTOM_GET_ARGVS_();
-#else  // defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_GET_ARGVS_)
+  // GTEST_CUSTOM_GET_ARGVS_() may return a container of std::string or
+  // ::string. This code converts it to the appropriate type.
+  const auto& custom = GTEST_CUSTOM_GET_ARGVS_();
+  return ::std::vector<std::string>(custom.begin(), custom.end());
+#else   // defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_GET_ARGVS_)
   return g_argvs;
 #endif  // defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_GET_ARGVS_)
 }
@@ -2912,16 +2921,20 @@
 
 static WORD GetNewColor(GTestColor color, WORD old_color_attrs) {
   // Let's reuse the BG
-  static const WORD background_mask = BACKGROUND_BLUE | BACKGROUND_GREEN | BACKGROUND_RED | BACKGROUND_INTENSITY;
-  static const WORD foreground_mask = FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY;
+  static const WORD background_mask = BACKGROUND_BLUE | BACKGROUND_GREEN |
+                                      BACKGROUND_RED | BACKGROUND_INTENSITY;
+  static const WORD foreground_mask = FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_GREEN |
+                                      FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY;
   const WORD existing_bg = old_color_attrs & background_mask;
 
-  WORD new_color = GetColorAttribute(color) | existing_bg | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY;
+  WORD new_color =
+      GetColorAttribute(color) | existing_bg | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY;
   static const int bg_bitOffset = GetBitOffset(background_mask);
   static const int fg_bitOffset = GetBitOffset(foreground_mask);
 
-  if (((new_color & background_mask) >> bg_bitOffset) == ((new_color & foreground_mask) >> fg_bitOffset)) {
-    new_color ^= FOREGROUND_INTENSITY; //invert intensity
+  if (((new_color & background_mask) >> bg_bitOffset) ==
+      ((new_color & foreground_mask) >> fg_bitOffset)) {
+    new_color ^= FOREGROUND_INTENSITY;  // invert intensity
   }
   return new_color;
 }
@@ -2982,7 +2995,6 @@
 // cannot simply emit special characters and have the terminal change colors.
 // This routine must actually emit the characters rather than return a string
 // that would be colored when printed, as can be done on Linux.
-GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_PRINTF_(2, 3)
 static void ColoredPrintf(GTestColor color, const char* fmt, ...) {
   va_list args;
   va_start(args, fmt);
@@ -3032,7 +3044,7 @@
   va_end(args);
 }
 
-// Text printed in Google Test's text output and --gunit_list_tests
+// Text printed in Google Test's text output and --gtest_list_tests
 // output to label the type parameter and value parameter for a test.
 static const char kTypeParamLabel[] = "TypeParam";
 static const char kValueParamLabel[] = "GetParam()";
@@ -3442,6 +3454,11 @@
   // to delimit this attribute from prior attributes.
   static std::string TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(const TestResult& result);
 
+  // Streams an XML representation of the test properties of a TestResult
+  // object.
+  static void OutputXmlTestProperties(std::ostream* stream,
+                                      const TestResult& result);
+
   // The output file.
   const std::string output_file_;
 
@@ -3653,6 +3670,10 @@
   const TestResult& result = *test_info.result();
   const std::string kTestcase = "testcase";
 
+  if (test_info.is_in_another_shard()) {
+    return;
+  }
+
   *stream << "    <testcase";
   OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "name", test_info.name());
 
@@ -3669,7 +3690,6 @@
   OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "time",
                      FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(result.elapsed_time()));
   OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "classname", test_case_name);
-  *stream << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(result);
 
   int failures = 0;
   for (int i = 0; i < result.total_part_count(); ++i) {
@@ -3691,10 +3711,15 @@
     }
   }
 
-  if (failures == 0)
+  if (failures == 0 && result.test_property_count() == 0) {
     *stream << " />\n";
-  else
+  } else {
+    if (failures == 0) {
+      *stream << ">\n";
+    }
+    OutputXmlTestProperties(stream, result);
     *stream << "    </testcase>\n";
+  }
 }
 
 // Prints an XML representation of a TestCase object
@@ -3749,7 +3774,6 @@
     OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "random_seed",
                        StreamableToString(unit_test.random_seed()));
   }
-
   *stream << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(unit_test.ad_hoc_test_result());
 
   OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "name", "AllTests");
@@ -3775,6 +3799,26 @@
   return attributes.GetString();
 }
 
+void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlTestProperties(
+    std::ostream* stream, const TestResult& result) {
+  const std::string kProperties = "properties";
+  const std::string kProperty = "property";
+
+  if (result.test_property_count() <= 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  *stream << "<" << kProperties << ">\n";
+  for (int i = 0; i < result.test_property_count(); ++i) {
+    const TestProperty& property = result.GetTestProperty(i);
+    *stream << "<" << kProperty;
+    *stream << " name=\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(property.key()) << "\"";
+    *stream << " value=\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(property.value()) << "\"";
+    *stream << "/>\n";
+  }
+  *stream << "</" << kProperties << ">\n";
+}
+
 // End XmlUnitTestResultPrinter
 
 
@@ -4210,9 +4254,10 @@
 class ScopedPrematureExitFile {
  public:
   explicit ScopedPrematureExitFile(const char* premature_exit_filepath)
-      : premature_exit_filepath_(premature_exit_filepath) {
+      : premature_exit_filepath_(premature_exit_filepath ?
+                                 premature_exit_filepath : "") {
     // If a path to the premature-exit file is specified...
-    if (premature_exit_filepath != NULL && *premature_exit_filepath != '\0') {
+    if (!premature_exit_filepath_.empty()) {
       // create the file with a single "0" character in it.  I/O
       // errors are ignored as there's nothing better we can do and we
       // don't want to fail the test because of this.
@@ -4223,13 +4268,18 @@
   }
 
   ~ScopedPrematureExitFile() {
-    if (premature_exit_filepath_ != NULL && *premature_exit_filepath_ != '\0') {
-      remove(premature_exit_filepath_);
+    if (!premature_exit_filepath_.empty()) {
+      int retval = remove(premature_exit_filepath_.c_str());
+      if (retval) {
+        GTEST_LOG_(ERROR) << "Failed to remove premature exit filepath \""
+                          << premature_exit_filepath_ << "\" with error "
+                          << retval;
+      }
     }
   }
 
  private:
-  const char* const premature_exit_filepath_;
+  const std::string premature_exit_filepath_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ScopedPrematureExitFile);
 };
@@ -4897,13 +4947,8 @@
 // All other functions called from RunAllTests() may safely assume that
 // parameterized tests are ready to be counted and run.
 bool UnitTestImpl::RunAllTests() {
-  // Makes sure InitGoogleTest() was called.
-  if (!GTestIsInitialized()) {
-    GTEST_LOG_(ERROR) <<
-      "\nThis test program did NOT call ::testing::InitGoogleTest "
-      "before calling RUN_ALL_TESTS().  Please fix it.";
-    return false;
-  }
+  // True iff Google Test is initialized before RUN_ALL_TESTS() is called.
+  const bool gtest_is_initialized_before_run_all_tests = GTestIsInitialized();
 
   // Do not run any test if the --help flag was specified.
   if (g_help_flag)
@@ -5031,6 +5076,20 @@
 
   repeater->OnTestProgramEnd(*parent_);
 
+  if (!gtest_is_initialized_before_run_all_tests) {
+    ColoredPrintf(
+        COLOR_RED,
+        "\nIMPORTANT NOTICE - DO NOT IGNORE:\n"
+        "This test program did NOT call " GTEST_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_NAME_
+        "() before calling RUN_ALL_TESTS(). This is INVALID. Soon " GTEST_NAME_
+        " will start to enforce the valid usage. "
+        "Please fix it ASAP, or IT WILL START TO FAIL.\n");  // NOLINT
+#if GTEST_FOR_GOOGLE_
+    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED,
+                  "For more details, see http://wiki/Main/ValidGUnitMain.\n");
+#endif  // GTEST_FOR_GOOGLE_
+  }
+
   return !failed;
 }
 
@@ -5077,7 +5136,7 @@
       << "Invalid environment variables: you have "
       << kTestShardIndex << " = " << shard_index
       << ", but have left " << kTestTotalShards << " unset.\n";
-    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, "%s", msg.GetString().c_str());
+    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, msg.GetString().c_str());
     fflush(stdout);
     exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   } else if (total_shards != -1 && shard_index == -1) {
@@ -5085,7 +5144,7 @@
       << "Invalid environment variables: you have "
       << kTestTotalShards << " = " << total_shards
       << ", but have left " << kTestShardIndex << " unset.\n";
-    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, "%s", msg.GetString().c_str());
+    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, msg.GetString().c_str());
     fflush(stdout);
     exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   } else if (shard_index < 0 || shard_index >= total_shards) {
@@ -5094,7 +5153,7 @@
       << kTestShardIndex << " < " << kTestTotalShards
       << ", but you have " << kTestShardIndex << "=" << shard_index
       << ", " << kTestTotalShards << "=" << total_shards << ".\n";
-    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, "%s", msg.GetString().c_str());
+    ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, msg.GetString().c_str());
     fflush(stdout);
     exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   }
@@ -5132,8 +5191,8 @@
 // each TestCase and TestInfo object.
 // If shard_tests == true, further filters tests based on sharding
 // variables in the environment - see
-// https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/googletest/docs/AdvancedGuide.md .
-// Returns the number of tests that should run.
+// https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/googletest/docs/AdvancedGuide.md
+// . Returns the number of tests that should run.
 int UnitTestImpl::FilterTests(ReactionToSharding shard_tests) {
   const Int32 total_shards = shard_tests == HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL ?
       Int32FromEnvOrDie(kTestTotalShards, -1) : -1;
@@ -5361,8 +5420,7 @@
 // part can be omitted.
 //
 // Returns the value of the flag, or NULL if the parsing failed.
-static const char* ParseFlagValue(const char* str,
-                                  const char* flag,
+static const char* ParseFlagValue(const char* str, const char* flag,
                                   bool def_optional) {
   // str and flag must not be NULL.
   if (str == NULL || flag == NULL) return NULL;
@@ -5433,9 +5491,8 @@
 //
 // On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
 // true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
-static bool ParseStringFlag(const char* str,
-                            const char* flag,
-                            std::string* value) {
+template <typename String>
+static bool ParseStringFlag(const char* str, const char* flag, String* value) {
   // Gets the value of the flag as a string.
   const char* const value_str = ParseFlagValue(str, flag, false);
 
@@ -5535,22 +5592,22 @@
 "Test Output:\n"
 "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "color=@Y(@Gyes@Y|@Gno@Y|@Gauto@Y)@D\n"
 "      Enable/disable colored output. The default is @Gauto@D.\n"
-"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "print_time=0@D\n"
+"  -@G-" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "print_time=0@D\n"
 "      Don't print the elapsed time of each test.\n"
 "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "output=@Y(@Gjson@Y|@Gxml@Y)[@G:@YDIRECTORY_PATH@G"
     GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "@Y|@G:@YFILE_PATH]@D\n"
 "      Generate a JSON or XML report in the given directory or with the given\n"
 "      file name. @YFILE_PATH@D defaults to @Gtest_details.xml@D.\n"
-#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+# if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
 "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "stream_result_to=@YHOST@G:@YPORT@D\n"
 "      Stream test results to the given server.\n"
-#endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
+# endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
 "\n"
 "Assertion Behavior:\n"
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "death_test_style=@Y(@Gfast@Y|@Gthreadsafe@Y)@D\n"
 "      Set the default death test style.\n"
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "break_on_failure@D\n"
 "      Turn assertion failures into debugger break-points.\n"
 "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "throw_on_failure@D\n"
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest-param-test_test.cc b/googletest/test/gtest-param-test_test.cc
index b21cb31..adc4d1b 100644
--- a/googletest/test/gtest-param-test_test.cc
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest-param-test_test.cc
@@ -848,6 +848,34 @@
 
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(ZeroToFiveSequence, NamingTest, Range(0, 5));
 
+// Tests that macros in test names are expanded correctly.
+class MacroNamingTest : public TestWithParam<int> {};
+
+#define PREFIX_WITH_FOO(test_name) Foo##test_name
+#define PREFIX_WITH_MACRO(test_name) Macro##test_name
+
+TEST_P(PREFIX_WITH_MACRO(NamingTest), PREFIX_WITH_FOO(SomeTestName)) {
+  const ::testing::TestInfo* const test_info =
+     ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+
+  EXPECT_STREQ("FortyTwo/MacroNamingTest", test_info->test_case_name());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("FooSomeTestName", test_info->name());
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(FortyTwo, MacroNamingTest, Values(42));
+
+// Tests the same thing for non-parametrized tests.
+class MacroNamingTestNonParametrized : public ::testing::Test {};
+
+TEST_F(PREFIX_WITH_MACRO(NamingTestNonParametrized),
+       PREFIX_WITH_FOO(SomeTestName)) {
+  const ::testing::TestInfo* const test_info =
+     ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+
+  EXPECT_STREQ("MacroNamingTestNonParametrized", test_info->test_case_name());
+  EXPECT_STREQ("FooSomeTestName", test_info->name());
+}
+
 // Tests that user supplied custom parameter names are working correctly.
 // Runs the test with a builtin helper method which uses PrintToString,
 // as well as a custom function and custom functor to ensure all possible
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest-printers_test.cc b/googletest/test/gtest-printers_test.cc
index 60a8d03..4487978 100644
--- a/googletest/test/gtest-printers_test.cc
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest-printers_test.cc
@@ -50,18 +50,13 @@
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
-// hash_map and hash_set are available under Visual C++, or on Linux.
 #if GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_MAP_
 # include <unordered_map>  // NOLINT
-#elif GTEST_HAS_HASH_MAP_
-# include <hash_map>            // NOLINT
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_HASH_MAP_
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_MAP_
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_SET_
 # include <unordered_set>  // NOLINT
-#elif GTEST_HAS_HASH_SET_
-# include <hash_set>            // NOLINT
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_HASH_SET_
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_SET_
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_FORWARD_LIST_
 # include <forward_list> // NOLINT
@@ -200,7 +195,6 @@
   struct iterator {
     typedef PathLike value_type;
   };
-  typedef iterator const_iterator;
 
   PathLike() {}
 
@@ -239,50 +233,6 @@
 #if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE || GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
 using ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings;
 #endif
-using ::testing::internal::string;
-
-// The hash_* classes are not part of the C++ standard.  STLport
-// defines them in namespace std.  MSVC defines them in ::stdext.  GCC
-// defines them in ::.
-#if GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_MAP_
-
-#define GTEST_HAS_HASH_MAP_ 1
-template <class Key, class T>
-using hash_map = ::std::unordered_map<Key, T>;
-template <class Key, class T>
-using hash_multimap = ::std::unordered_multimap<Key, T>;
-
-#elif GTEST_HAS_HASH_MAP_
-
-#ifdef _STLP_HASH_MAP  // We got <hash_map> from STLport.
-using ::std::hash_map;
-using ::std::hash_multimap;
-#elif _MSC_VER
-using ::stdext::hash_map;
-using ::stdext::hash_multimap;
-#endif
-
-#endif
-
-#if GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_SET_
-
-#define GTEST_HAS_HASH_SET_ 1
-template <class Key>
-using hash_set = ::std::unordered_set<Key>;
-template <class Key>
-using hash_multiset = ::std::unordered_multiset<Key>;
-
-#elif GTEST_HAS_HASH_SET_
-
-#ifdef _STLP_HASH_MAP  // We got <hash_map> from STLport.
-using ::std::hash_map;
-using ::std::hash_multimap;
-#elif _MSC_VER
-using ::stdext::hash_map;
-using ::stdext::hash_multimap;
-#endif
-
-#endif
 
 // Prints a value to a string using the universal value printer.  This
 // is a helper for testing UniversalPrinter<T>::Print() for various types.
@@ -868,16 +818,16 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 3 }", Print(non_empty));
 }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_HASH_MAP_
+#if GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_MAP_
 
 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, OneElementHashMap) {
-  hash_map<int, char> map1;
+  ::std::unordered_map<int, char> map1;
   map1[1] = 'a';
   EXPECT_EQ("{ (1, 'a' (97, 0x61)) }", Print(map1));
 }
 
 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, HashMultiMap) {
-  hash_multimap<int, bool> map1;
+  ::std::unordered_multimap<int, bool> map1;
   map1.insert(make_pair(5, true));
   map1.insert(make_pair(5, false));
 
@@ -888,12 +838,12 @@
                   << " where Print(map1) returns \"" << result << "\".";
 }
 
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_HASH_MAP_
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_MAP_
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_HASH_SET_
+#if GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_SET_
 
 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, HashSet) {
-  hash_set<int> set1;
+  ::std::unordered_set<int> set1;
   set1.insert(1);
   EXPECT_EQ("{ 1 }", Print(set1));
 }
@@ -901,7 +851,7 @@
 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, HashMultiSet) {
   const int kSize = 5;
   int a[kSize] = { 1, 1, 2, 5, 1 };
-  hash_multiset<int> set1(a, a + kSize);
+  ::std::unordered_multiset<int> set1(a, a + kSize);
 
   // Elements of hash_multiset can be printed in any order.
   const std::string result = Print(set1);
@@ -927,7 +877,7 @@
   EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(a, a + kSize, numbers.begin()));
 }
 
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_HASH_SET_
+#endif  //  GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_SET_
 
 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, List) {
   const std::string a[] = {"hello", "world"};
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_env_var_test.py b/googletest/test/gtest_env_var_test.py
index 7af00ce..beb2a8b 100755
--- a/googletest/test/gtest_env_var_test.py
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_env_var_test.py
@@ -81,13 +81,14 @@
 
 
 class GTestEnvVarTest(gtest_test_utils.TestCase):
+
   def testEnvVarAffectsFlag(self):
     """Tests that environment variable should affect the corresponding flag."""
 
     TestFlag('break_on_failure', '1', '0')
     TestFlag('color', 'yes', 'auto')
     TestFlag('filter', 'FooTest.Bar', '*')
-    SetEnvVar('XML_OUTPUT_FILE', None) # For 'output' test
+    SetEnvVar('XML_OUTPUT_FILE', None)  # For 'output' test
     TestFlag('output', 'xml:tmp/foo.xml', '')
     TestFlag('print_time', '0', '1')
     TestFlag('repeat', '999', '1')
@@ -99,6 +100,7 @@
       TestFlag('death_test_use_fork', '1', '0')
       TestFlag('stack_trace_depth', '0', '100')
 
+
   def testXmlOutputFile(self):
     """Tests that $XML_OUTPUT_FILE affects the output flag."""
 
@@ -107,7 +109,7 @@
     AssertEq('xml:tmp/bar.xml', GetFlag('output'))
 
   def testXmlOutputFileOverride(self):
-    """Tests that $XML_OUTPUT_FILE is overridden by $GTEST_OUTPUT"""
+    """Tests that $XML_OUTPUT_FILE is overridden by $GTEST_OUTPUT."""
 
     SetEnvVar('GTEST_OUTPUT', 'xml:tmp/foo.xml')
     SetEnvVar('XML_OUTPUT_FILE', 'tmp/bar.xml')
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_json_outfiles_test.py b/googletest/test/gtest_json_outfiles_test.py
index 62ad18e..46010d8 100644
--- a/googletest/test/gtest_json_outfiles_test.py
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_json_outfiles_test.py
@@ -32,9 +32,8 @@
 
 import json
 import os
-import gtest_test_utils
 import gtest_json_test_utils
-
+import gtest_test_utils
 
 GTEST_OUTPUT_SUBDIR = 'json_outfiles'
 GTEST_OUTPUT_1_TEST = 'gtest_xml_outfile1_test_'
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_json_output_unittest.py b/googletest/test/gtest_json_output_unittest.py
index 4d23c3a..12047c4 100644
--- a/googletest/test/gtest_json_output_unittest.py
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_json_output_unittest.py
@@ -37,9 +37,8 @@
 import re
 import sys
 
-import gtest_test_utils
 import gtest_json_test_utils
-
+import gtest_test_utils
 
 GTEST_FILTER_FLAG = '--gtest_filter'
 GTEST_LIST_TESTS_FLAG = '--gtest_list_tests'
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_json_test_utils.py b/googletest/test/gtest_json_test_utils.py
index 4ef5f6f..62bbfc2 100644
--- a/googletest/test/gtest_json_test_utils.py
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_json_test_utils.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
   """
   def _normalize(key, value):
     if key == 'time':
-      return re.sub(r'^\d+(\.\d+)?s$', u'*', value)
+      return re.sub(r'^\d+(\.\d+)?s$', '*', value)
     elif key == 'timestamp':
       return re.sub(r'^\d{4}-\d\d-\d\dT\d\d:\d\d:\d\dZ$', '*', value)
     elif key == 'failure':
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_test_utils.py b/googletest/test/gtest_test_utils.py
index cc4ba64..7c48933 100755
--- a/googletest/test/gtest_test_utils.py
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_test_utils.py
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@
                                combined in a string.
     """
 
-    # The subprocess module is the preferable way of running programs
+    # The subprocess module is the preferrable way of running programs
     # since it is available and behaves consistently on all platforms,
     # including Windows. But it is only available starting in python 2.4.
     # In earlier python versions, we revert to the popen2 module, which is
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_uninitialized_test.py b/googletest/test/gtest_uninitialized_test.py
index 574db77..ae91f2a 100755
--- a/googletest/test/gtest_uninitialized_test.py
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_uninitialized_test.py
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@
 
 __author__ = 'wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)'
 
-import os
 import gtest_test_utils
 
 COMMAND = gtest_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath('gtest_uninitialized_test_')
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_unittest.cc b/googletest/test/gtest_unittest.cc
index 11af9c9..3791592 100644
--- a/googletest/test/gtest_unittest.cc
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_unittest.cc
@@ -64,6 +64,9 @@
 #include <map>
 #include <vector>
 #include <ostream>
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+#include <unordered_set>
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 
 #include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
@@ -258,6 +261,8 @@
 using testing::internal::IsContainerTest;
 using testing::internal::IsNotContainer;
 using testing::internal::NativeArray;
+using testing::internal::OsStackTraceGetter;
+using testing::internal::OsStackTraceGetterInterface;
 using testing::internal::ParseInt32Flag;
 using testing::internal::RelationToSourceCopy;
 using testing::internal::RelationToSourceReference;
@@ -274,6 +279,7 @@
 using testing::internal::TestEventListenersAccessor;
 using testing::internal::TestResultAccessor;
 using testing::internal::UInt32;
+using testing::internal::UnitTestImpl;
 using testing::internal::WideStringToUtf8;
 using testing::internal::edit_distance::CalculateOptimalEdits;
 using testing::internal::edit_distance::CreateUnifiedDiff;
@@ -7526,6 +7532,50 @@
             sizeof(IsContainerTest<std::map<int, double> >(0)));
 }
 
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+struct ConstOnlyContainerWithPointerIterator {
+  using const_iterator = int*;
+  const_iterator begin() const;
+  const_iterator end() const;
+};
+
+struct ConstOnlyContainerWithClassIterator {
+  struct const_iterator {
+    const int& operator*() const;
+    const_iterator& operator++(/* pre-increment */);
+  };
+  const_iterator begin() const;
+  const_iterator end() const;
+};
+
+TEST(IsContainerTestTest, ConstOnlyContainer) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(IsContainer),
+            sizeof(IsContainerTest<ConstOnlyContainerWithPointerIterator>(0)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(IsContainer),
+            sizeof(IsContainerTest<ConstOnlyContainerWithClassIterator>(0)));
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+
+// Tests IsHashTable.
+struct AHashTable {
+  typedef void hasher;
+};
+struct NotReallyAHashTable {
+  typedef void hasher;
+  typedef void reverse_iterator;
+};
+TEST(IsHashTable, Basic) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(testing::internal::IsHashTable<AHashTable>::value);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(testing::internal::IsHashTable<NotReallyAHashTable>::value);
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+  EXPECT_FALSE(testing::internal::IsHashTable<std::vector<int>>::value);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(testing::internal::IsHashTable<std::unordered_set<int>>::value);
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+#if GTEST_HAS_HASH_SET_
+  EXPECT_TRUE(testing::internal::IsHashTable<hash_set<int>>::value);
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_HASH_SET_
+}
+
 // Tests ArrayEq().
 
 TEST(ArrayEqTest, WorksForDegeneratedArrays) {
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_xml_outfiles_test.py b/googletest/test/gtest_xml_outfiles_test.py
index 24c6ee6..c7d3413 100755
--- a/googletest/test/gtest_xml_outfiles_test.py
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_xml_outfiles_test.py
@@ -43,7 +43,13 @@
 EXPECTED_XML_1 = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <testsuites tests="1" failures="0" disabled="0" errors="0" time="*" timestamp="*" name="AllTests">
   <testsuite name="PropertyOne" tests="1" failures="0" disabled="0" errors="0" time="*">
-    <testcase name="TestSomeProperties" status="run" time="*" classname="PropertyOne" SetUpProp="1" TestSomeProperty="1" TearDownProp="1" />
+    <testcase name="TestSomeProperties" status="run" time="*" classname="PropertyOne">
+      <properties>
+        <property name="SetUpProp" value="1"/>
+        <property name="TestSomeProperty" value="1"/>
+        <property name="TearDownProp" value="1"/>
+      </properties>
+    </testcase>
   </testsuite>
 </testsuites>
 """
@@ -51,7 +57,13 @@
 EXPECTED_XML_2 = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <testsuites tests="1" failures="0" disabled="0" errors="0" time="*" timestamp="*" name="AllTests">
   <testsuite name="PropertyTwo" tests="1" failures="0" disabled="0" errors="0" time="*">
-    <testcase name="TestSomeProperties" status="run" time="*" classname="PropertyTwo" SetUpProp="2" TestSomeProperty="2" TearDownProp="2" />
+    <testcase name="TestSomeProperties" status="run" time="*" classname="PropertyTwo">
+      <properties>
+        <property name="SetUpProp" value="2"/>
+        <property name="TestSomeProperty" value="2"/>
+        <property name="TearDownProp" value="2"/>
+      </properties>
+    </testcase>
   </testsuite>
 </testsuites>
 """
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_xml_output_unittest.py b/googletest/test/gtest_xml_output_unittest.py
index 325ca13..6ffb6e3 100755
--- a/googletest/test/gtest_xml_output_unittest.py
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_xml_output_unittest.py
@@ -104,15 +104,45 @@
     <testcase name="DISABLED_test_not_run" status="notrun" time="*" classname="DisabledTest"/>
   </testsuite>
   <testsuite name="PropertyRecordingTest" tests="4" failures="0" disabled="0" errors="0" time="*" SetUpTestCase="yes" TearDownTestCase="aye">
-    <testcase name="OneProperty" status="run" time="*" classname="PropertyRecordingTest" key_1="1"/>
-    <testcase name="IntValuedProperty" status="run" time="*" classname="PropertyRecordingTest" key_int="1"/>
-    <testcase name="ThreeProperties" status="run" time="*" classname="PropertyRecordingTest" key_1="1" key_2="2" key_3="3"/>
-    <testcase name="TwoValuesForOneKeyUsesLastValue" status="run" time="*" classname="PropertyRecordingTest" key_1="2"/>
+    <testcase name="OneProperty" status="run" time="*" classname="PropertyRecordingTest">
+      <properties>
+        <property name="key_1" value="1"/>
+      </properties>
+    </testcase>
+    <testcase name="IntValuedProperty" status="run" time="*" classname="PropertyRecordingTest">
+      <properties>
+        <property name="key_int" value="1"/>
+      </properties>
+    </testcase>
+    <testcase name="ThreeProperties" status="run" time="*" classname="PropertyRecordingTest">
+      <properties>
+        <property name="key_1" value="1"/>
+        <property name="key_2" value="2"/>
+        <property name="key_3" value="3"/>
+      </properties>
+    </testcase>
+    <testcase name="TwoValuesForOneKeyUsesLastValue" status="run" time="*" classname="PropertyRecordingTest">
+      <properties>
+        <property name="key_1" value="2"/>
+      </properties>
+    </testcase>
   </testsuite>
   <testsuite name="NoFixtureTest" tests="3" failures="0" disabled="0" errors="0" time="*">
-     <testcase name="RecordProperty" status="run" time="*" classname="NoFixtureTest" key="1"/>
-     <testcase name="ExternalUtilityThatCallsRecordIntValuedProperty" status="run" time="*" classname="NoFixtureTest" key_for_utility_int="1"/>
-     <testcase name="ExternalUtilityThatCallsRecordStringValuedProperty" status="run" time="*" classname="NoFixtureTest" key_for_utility_string="1"/>
+     <testcase name="RecordProperty" status="run" time="*" classname="NoFixtureTest">
+       <properties>
+         <property name="key" value="1"/>
+       </properties>
+     </testcase>
+     <testcase name="ExternalUtilityThatCallsRecordIntValuedProperty" status="run" time="*" classname="NoFixtureTest">
+       <properties>
+         <property name="key_for_utility_int" value="1"/>
+       </properties>
+     </testcase>
+     <testcase name="ExternalUtilityThatCallsRecordStringValuedProperty" status="run" time="*" classname="NoFixtureTest">
+       <properties>
+         <property name="key_for_utility_string" value="1"/>
+       </properties>
+     </testcase>
   </testsuite>
   <testsuite name="Single/ValueParamTest" tests="4" failures="0" disabled="0" errors="0" time="*">
     <testcase name="HasValueParamAttribute/0" value_param="33" status="run" time="*" classname="Single/ValueParamTest" />
@@ -149,7 +179,11 @@
     <testcase name="Succeeds" status="run" time="*" classname="SuccessfulTest"/>
   </testsuite>
   <testsuite name="NoFixtureTest" tests="1" failures="0" disabled="0" errors="0" time="*">
-     <testcase name="RecordProperty" status="run" time="*" classname="NoFixtureTest" key="1"/>
+     <testcase name="RecordProperty" status="run" time="*" classname="NoFixtureTest">
+       <properties>
+         <property name="key" value="1"/>
+       </properties>
+     </testcase>
   </testsuite>
   <testsuite name="Single/ValueParamTest" tests="1" failures="0" disabled="0" errors="0" time="*">
     <testcase name="AnotherTestThatHasValueParamAttribute/1" value_param="42" status="run" time="*" classname="Single/ValueParamTest" />
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_xml_test_utils.py b/googletest/test/gtest_xml_test_utils.py
index d303425..1e03585 100755
--- a/googletest/test/gtest_xml_test_utils.py
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_xml_test_utils.py
@@ -101,19 +101,22 @@
       self.AssertEquivalentNodes(child, actual_children[child_id])
 
   identifying_attribute = {
-    'testsuites': 'name',
-    'testsuite': 'name',
-    'testcase':  'name',
-    'failure':   'message',
-    }
+      'testsuites': 'name',
+      'testsuite': 'name',
+      'testcase': 'name',
+      'failure': 'message',
+      'property': 'name',
+  }
 
   def _GetChildren(self, element):
     """
     Fetches all of the child nodes of element, a DOM Element object.
     Returns them as the values of a dictionary keyed by the IDs of the
-    children.  For <testsuites>, <testsuite> and <testcase> elements, the ID
-    is the value of their "name" attribute; for <failure> elements, it is
-    the value of the "message" attribute; CDATA sections and non-whitespace
+    children.  For <testsuites>, <testsuite>, <testcase>, and <property>
+    elements, the ID is the value of their "name" attribute; for <failure>
+    elements, it is the value of the "message" attribute; for <properties>
+    elements, it is the value of their parent's "name" attribute plus the
+    literal string "properties"; CDATA sections and non-whitespace
     text nodes are concatenated into a single CDATA section with ID
     "detail".  An exception is raised if any element other than the above
     four is encountered, if two child elements with the same identifying
@@ -123,11 +126,17 @@
     children = {}
     for child in element.childNodes:
       if child.nodeType == Node.ELEMENT_NODE:
-        self.assert_(child.tagName in self.identifying_attribute,
-                     'Encountered unknown element <%s>' % child.tagName)
-        childID = child.getAttribute(self.identifying_attribute[child.tagName])
-        self.assert_(childID not in children)
-        children[childID] = child
+        if child.tagName == 'properties':
+          self.assert_(child.parentNode is not None,
+                       'Encountered <properties> element without a parent')
+          child_id = child.parentNode.getAttribute('name') + '-properties'
+        else:
+          self.assert_(child.tagName in self.identifying_attribute,
+                       'Encountered unknown element <%s>' % child.tagName)
+          child_id = child.getAttribute(
+              self.identifying_attribute[child.tagName])
+        self.assert_(child_id not in children)
+        children[child_id] = child
       elif child.nodeType in [Node.TEXT_NODE, Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE]:
         if 'detail' not in children:
           if (child.nodeType == Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE or