blob: 406cc70c571dea0c1bfef19165e8cfa251a2cf39 [file] [log] [blame]
/* Evaluate MSG_ZEROCOPY
*
* Send traffic between two processes over one of the supported
* protocols and modes:
*
* PF_INET/PF_INET6
* - SOCK_STREAM
* - SOCK_DGRAM
* - SOCK_DGRAM with UDP_CORK
* - SOCK_RAW
* - SOCK_RAW with IP_HDRINCL
*
* PF_PACKET
* - SOCK_DGRAM
* - SOCK_RAW
*
* PF_RDS
* - SOCK_SEQPACKET
*
* Start this program on two connected hosts, one in send mode and
* the other with option '-r' to put it in receiver mode.
*
* If zerocopy mode ('-z') is enabled, the sender will verify that
* the kernel queues completions on the error queue for all zerocopy
* transfers.
*/
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <error.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <linux/errqueue.h>
#include <linux/if_packet.h>
#include <linux/ipv6.h>
#include <linux/socket.h>
#include <linux/sockios.h>
#include <net/ethernet.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/ip6.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <netinet/udp.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <sched.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <linux/rds.h>
#ifndef SO_EE_ORIGIN_ZEROCOPY
#define SO_EE_ORIGIN_ZEROCOPY 5
#endif
#ifndef SO_ZEROCOPY
#define SO_ZEROCOPY 60
#endif
#ifndef SO_EE_CODE_ZEROCOPY_COPIED
#define SO_EE_CODE_ZEROCOPY_COPIED 1
#endif
#ifndef MSG_ZEROCOPY
#define MSG_ZEROCOPY 0x4000000
#endif
static int cfg_cork;
static bool cfg_cork_mixed;
static int cfg_cpu = -1; /* default: pin to last cpu */
static int cfg_family = PF_UNSPEC;
static int cfg_ifindex = 1;
static int cfg_payload_len;
static int cfg_port = 8000;
static bool cfg_rx;
static int cfg_runtime_ms = 4200;
static int cfg_verbose;
static int cfg_waittime_ms = 500;
static bool cfg_zerocopy;
static socklen_t cfg_alen;
static struct sockaddr_storage cfg_dst_addr;
static struct sockaddr_storage cfg_src_addr;
static char payload[IP_MAXPACKET];
static long packets, bytes, completions, expected_completions;
static int zerocopied = -1;
static uint32_t next_completion;
static unsigned long gettimeofday_ms(void)
{
struct timeval tv;
gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
return (tv.tv_sec * 1000) + (tv.tv_usec / 1000);
}
static uint16_t get_ip_csum(const uint16_t *start, int num_words)
{
unsigned long sum = 0;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < num_words; i++)
sum += start[i];
while (sum >> 16)
sum = (sum & 0xFFFF) + (sum >> 16);
return ~sum;
}
static int do_setcpu(int cpu)
{
cpu_set_t mask;
CPU_ZERO(&mask);
CPU_SET(cpu, &mask);
if (sched_setaffinity(0, sizeof(mask), &mask))
error(1, 0, "setaffinity %d", cpu);
if (cfg_verbose)
fprintf(stderr, "cpu: %u\n", cpu);
return 0;
}
static void do_setsockopt(int fd, int level, int optname, int val)
{
if (setsockopt(fd, level, optname, &val, sizeof(val)))
error(1, errno, "setsockopt %d.%d: %d", level, optname, val);
}
static int do_poll(int fd, int events)
{
struct pollfd pfd;
int ret;
pfd.events = events;
pfd.revents = 0;
pfd.fd = fd;
ret = poll(&pfd, 1, cfg_waittime_ms);
if (ret == -1)
error(1, errno, "poll");
return ret && (pfd.revents & events);
}
static int do_accept(int fd)
{
int fda = fd;
fd = accept(fda, NULL, NULL);
if (fd == -1)
error(1, errno, "accept");
if (close(fda))
error(1, errno, "close listen sock");
return fd;
}
static void add_zcopy_cookie(struct msghdr *msg, uint32_t cookie)
{
struct cmsghdr *cm;
if (!msg->msg_control)
error(1, errno, "NULL cookie");
cm = (void *)msg->msg_control;
cm->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(cookie));
cm->cmsg_level = SOL_RDS;
cm->cmsg_type = RDS_CMSG_ZCOPY_COOKIE;
memcpy(CMSG_DATA(cm), &cookie, sizeof(cookie));
}
static bool do_sendmsg(int fd, struct msghdr *msg, bool do_zerocopy, int domain)
{
int ret, len, i, flags;
static uint32_t cookie;
char ckbuf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(cookie))];
len = 0;
for (i = 0; i < msg->msg_iovlen; i++)
len += msg->msg_iov[i].iov_len;
flags = MSG_DONTWAIT;
if (do_zerocopy) {
flags |= MSG_ZEROCOPY;
if (domain == PF_RDS) {
memset(&msg->msg_control, 0, sizeof(msg->msg_control));
msg->msg_controllen = CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(cookie));
msg->msg_control = (struct cmsghdr *)ckbuf;
add_zcopy_cookie(msg, ++cookie);
}
}
ret = sendmsg(fd, msg, flags);
if (ret == -1 && errno == EAGAIN)
return false;
if (ret == -1)
error(1, errno, "send");
if (cfg_verbose && ret != len)
fprintf(stderr, "send: ret=%u != %u\n", ret, len);
if (len) {
packets++;
bytes += ret;
if (do_zerocopy && ret)
expected_completions++;
}
if (do_zerocopy && domain == PF_RDS) {
msg->msg_control = NULL;
msg->msg_controllen = 0;
}
return true;
}
static void do_sendmsg_corked(int fd, struct msghdr *msg)
{
bool do_zerocopy = cfg_zerocopy;
int i, payload_len, extra_len;
/* split up the packet. for non-multiple, make first buffer longer */
payload_len = cfg_payload_len / cfg_cork;
extra_len = cfg_payload_len - (cfg_cork * payload_len);
do_setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_UDP, UDP_CORK, 1);
for (i = 0; i < cfg_cork; i++) {
/* in mixed-frags mode, alternate zerocopy and copy frags
* start with non-zerocopy, to ensure attach later works
*/
if (cfg_cork_mixed)
do_zerocopy = (i & 1);
msg->msg_iov[0].iov_len = payload_len + extra_len;
extra_len = 0;
do_sendmsg(fd, msg, do_zerocopy,
(cfg_dst_addr.ss_family == AF_INET ?
PF_INET : PF_INET6));
}
do_setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_UDP, UDP_CORK, 0);
}
static int setup_iph(struct iphdr *iph, uint16_t payload_len)
{
struct sockaddr_in *daddr = (void *) &cfg_dst_addr;
struct sockaddr_in *saddr = (void *) &cfg_src_addr;
memset(iph, 0, sizeof(*iph));
iph->version = 4;
iph->tos = 0;
iph->ihl = 5;
iph->ttl = 2;
iph->saddr = saddr->sin_addr.s_addr;
iph->daddr = daddr->sin_addr.s_addr;
iph->protocol = IPPROTO_EGP;
iph->tot_len = htons(sizeof(*iph) + payload_len);
iph->check = get_ip_csum((void *) iph, iph->ihl << 1);
return sizeof(*iph);
}
static int setup_ip6h(struct ipv6hdr *ip6h, uint16_t payload_len)
{
struct sockaddr_in6 *daddr = (void *) &cfg_dst_addr;
struct sockaddr_in6 *saddr = (void *) &cfg_src_addr;
memset(ip6h, 0, sizeof(*ip6h));
ip6h->version = 6;
ip6h->payload_len = htons(payload_len);
ip6h->nexthdr = IPPROTO_EGP;
ip6h->hop_limit = 2;
ip6h->saddr = saddr->sin6_addr;
ip6h->daddr = daddr->sin6_addr;
return sizeof(*ip6h);
}
static void setup_sockaddr(int domain, const char *str_addr,
struct sockaddr_storage *sockaddr)
{
struct sockaddr_in6 *addr6 = (void *) sockaddr;
struct sockaddr_in *addr4 = (void *) sockaddr;
switch (domain) {
case PF_INET:
memset(addr4, 0, sizeof(*addr4));
addr4->sin_family = AF_INET;
addr4->sin_port = htons(cfg_port);
if (str_addr &&
inet_pton(AF_INET, str_addr, &(addr4->sin_addr)) != 1)
error(1, 0, "ipv4 parse error: %s", str_addr);
break;
case PF_INET6:
memset(addr6, 0, sizeof(*addr6));
addr6->sin6_family = AF_INET6;
addr6->sin6_port = htons(cfg_port);
if (str_addr &&
inet_pton(AF_INET6, str_addr, &(addr6->sin6_addr)) != 1)
error(1, 0, "ipv6 parse error: %s", str_addr);
break;
default:
error(1, 0, "illegal domain");
}
}
static int do_setup_tx(int domain, int type, int protocol)
{
int fd;
fd = socket(domain, type, protocol);
if (fd == -1)
error(1, errno, "socket t");
do_setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, 1 << 21);
if (cfg_zerocopy)
do_setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ZEROCOPY, 1);
if (domain != PF_PACKET && domain != PF_RDS)
if (connect(fd, (void *) &cfg_dst_addr, cfg_alen))
error(1, errno, "connect");
if (domain == PF_RDS) {
if (bind(fd, (void *) &cfg_src_addr, cfg_alen))
error(1, errno, "bind");
}
return fd;
}
static uint32_t do_process_zerocopy_cookies(struct rds_zcopy_cookies *ck)
{
int i;
if (ck->num > RDS_MAX_ZCOOKIES)
error(1, 0, "Returned %d cookies, max expected %d\n",
ck->num, RDS_MAX_ZCOOKIES);
for (i = 0; i < ck->num; i++)
if (cfg_verbose >= 2)
fprintf(stderr, "%d\n", ck->cookies[i]);
return ck->num;
}
static bool do_recvmsg_completion(int fd)
{
char cmsgbuf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct rds_zcopy_cookies))];
struct rds_zcopy_cookies *ck;
struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
struct msghdr msg;
bool ret = false;
memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(msg));
msg.msg_control = cmsgbuf;
msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(cmsgbuf);
if (recvmsg(fd, &msg, MSG_DONTWAIT))
return ret;
if (msg.msg_flags & MSG_CTRUNC)
error(1, errno, "recvmsg notification: truncated");
for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&msg, cmsg)) {
if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_RDS &&
cmsg->cmsg_type == RDS_CMSG_ZCOPY_COMPLETION) {
ck = (struct rds_zcopy_cookies *)CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
completions += do_process_zerocopy_cookies(ck);
ret = true;
break;
}
error(0, 0, "ignoring cmsg at level %d type %d\n",
cmsg->cmsg_level, cmsg->cmsg_type);
}
return ret;
}
static bool do_recv_completion(int fd, int domain)
{
struct sock_extended_err *serr;
struct msghdr msg = {};
struct cmsghdr *cm;
uint32_t hi, lo, range;
int ret, zerocopy;
char control[100];
if (domain == PF_RDS)
return do_recvmsg_completion(fd);
msg.msg_control = control;
msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(control);
ret = recvmsg(fd, &msg, MSG_ERRQUEUE);
if (ret == -1 && errno == EAGAIN)
return false;
if (ret == -1)
error(1, errno, "recvmsg notification");
if (msg.msg_flags & MSG_CTRUNC)
error(1, errno, "recvmsg notification: truncated");
cm = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
if (!cm)
error(1, 0, "cmsg: no cmsg");
if (!((cm->cmsg_level == SOL_IP && cm->cmsg_type == IP_RECVERR) ||
(cm->cmsg_level == SOL_IPV6 && cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_RECVERR) ||
(cm->cmsg_level == SOL_PACKET && cm->cmsg_type == PACKET_TX_TIMESTAMP)))
error(1, 0, "serr: wrong type: %d.%d",
cm->cmsg_level, cm->cmsg_type);
serr = (void *) CMSG_DATA(cm);
if (serr->ee_origin != SO_EE_ORIGIN_ZEROCOPY)
error(1, 0, "serr: wrong origin: %u", serr->ee_origin);
if (serr->ee_errno != 0)
error(1, 0, "serr: wrong error code: %u", serr->ee_errno);
hi = serr->ee_data;
lo = serr->ee_info;
range = hi - lo + 1;
/* Detect notification gaps. These should not happen often, if at all.
* Gaps can occur due to drops, reordering and retransmissions.
*/
if (lo != next_completion)
fprintf(stderr, "gap: %u..%u does not append to %u\n",
lo, hi, next_completion);
next_completion = hi + 1;
zerocopy = !(serr->ee_code & SO_EE_CODE_ZEROCOPY_COPIED);
if (zerocopied == -1)
zerocopied = zerocopy;
else if (zerocopied != zerocopy) {
fprintf(stderr, "serr: inconsistent\n");
zerocopied = zerocopy;
}
if (cfg_verbose >= 2)
fprintf(stderr, "completed: %u (h=%u l=%u)\n",
range, hi, lo);
completions += range;
return true;
}
/* Read all outstanding messages on the errqueue */
static void do_recv_completions(int fd, int domain)
{
while (do_recv_completion(fd, domain)) {}
}
/* Wait for all remaining completions on the errqueue */
static void do_recv_remaining_completions(int fd, int domain)
{
int64_t tstop = gettimeofday_ms() + cfg_waittime_ms;
while (completions < expected_completions &&
gettimeofday_ms() < tstop) {
if (do_poll(fd, domain == PF_RDS ? POLLIN : POLLERR))
do_recv_completions(fd, domain);
}
if (completions < expected_completions)
fprintf(stderr, "missing notifications: %lu < %lu\n",
completions, expected_completions);
}
static void do_tx(int domain, int type, int protocol)
{
struct iovec iov[3] = { {0} };
struct sockaddr_ll laddr;
struct msghdr msg = {0};
struct ethhdr eth;
union {
struct ipv6hdr ip6h;
struct iphdr iph;
} nh;
uint64_t tstop;
int fd;
fd = do_setup_tx(domain, type, protocol);
if (domain == PF_PACKET) {
uint16_t proto = cfg_family == PF_INET ? ETH_P_IP : ETH_P_IPV6;
/* sock_raw passes ll header as data */
if (type == SOCK_RAW) {
memset(eth.h_dest, 0x06, ETH_ALEN);
memset(eth.h_source, 0x02, ETH_ALEN);
eth.h_proto = htons(proto);
iov[0].iov_base = &eth;
iov[0].iov_len = sizeof(eth);
msg.msg_iovlen++;
}
/* both sock_raw and sock_dgram expect name */
memset(&laddr, 0, sizeof(laddr));
laddr.sll_family = AF_PACKET;
laddr.sll_ifindex = cfg_ifindex;
laddr.sll_protocol = htons(proto);
laddr.sll_halen = ETH_ALEN;
memset(laddr.sll_addr, 0x06, ETH_ALEN);
msg.msg_name = &laddr;
msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(laddr);
}
/* packet and raw sockets with hdrincl must pass network header */
if (domain == PF_PACKET || protocol == IPPROTO_RAW) {
if (cfg_family == PF_INET)
iov[1].iov_len = setup_iph(&nh.iph, cfg_payload_len);
else
iov[1].iov_len = setup_ip6h(&nh.ip6h, cfg_payload_len);
iov[1].iov_base = (void *) &nh;
msg.msg_iovlen++;
}
if (domain == PF_RDS) {
msg.msg_name = &cfg_dst_addr;
msg.msg_namelen = (cfg_dst_addr.ss_family == AF_INET ?
sizeof(struct sockaddr_in) :
sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6));
}
iov[2].iov_base = payload;
iov[2].iov_len = cfg_payload_len;
msg.msg_iovlen++;
msg.msg_iov = &iov[3 - msg.msg_iovlen];
tstop = gettimeofday_ms() + cfg_runtime_ms;
do {
if (cfg_cork)
do_sendmsg_corked(fd, &msg);
else
do_sendmsg(fd, &msg, cfg_zerocopy, domain);
while (!do_poll(fd, POLLOUT)) {
if (cfg_zerocopy)
do_recv_completions(fd, domain);
}
} while (gettimeofday_ms() < tstop);
if (cfg_zerocopy)
do_recv_remaining_completions(fd, domain);
if (close(fd))
error(1, errno, "close");
fprintf(stderr, "tx=%lu (%lu MB) txc=%lu zc=%c\n",
packets, bytes >> 20, completions,
zerocopied == 1 ? 'y' : 'n');
}
static int do_setup_rx(int domain, int type, int protocol)
{
int fd;
/* If tx over PF_PACKET, rx over PF_INET(6)/SOCK_RAW,
* to recv the only copy of the packet, not a clone
*/
if (domain == PF_PACKET)
error(1, 0, "Use PF_INET/SOCK_RAW to read");
if (type == SOCK_RAW && protocol == IPPROTO_RAW)
error(1, 0, "IPPROTO_RAW: not supported on Rx");
fd = socket(domain, type, protocol);
if (fd == -1)
error(1, errno, "socket r");
do_setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, 1 << 21);
do_setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVLOWAT, 1 << 16);
do_setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEPORT, 1);
if (bind(fd, (void *) &cfg_dst_addr, cfg_alen))
error(1, errno, "bind");
if (type == SOCK_STREAM) {
if (listen(fd, 1))
error(1, errno, "listen");
fd = do_accept(fd);
}
return fd;
}
/* Flush all outstanding bytes for the tcp receive queue */
static void do_flush_tcp(int fd)
{
int ret;
/* MSG_TRUNC flushes up to len bytes */
ret = recv(fd, NULL, 1 << 21, MSG_TRUNC | MSG_DONTWAIT);
if (ret == -1 && errno == EAGAIN)
return;
if (ret == -1)
error(1, errno, "flush");
if (!ret)
return;
packets++;
bytes += ret;
}
/* Flush all outstanding datagrams. Verify first few bytes of each. */
static void do_flush_datagram(int fd, int type)
{
int ret, off = 0;
char buf[64];
/* MSG_TRUNC will return full datagram length */
ret = recv(fd, buf, sizeof(buf), MSG_DONTWAIT | MSG_TRUNC);
if (ret == -1 && errno == EAGAIN)
return;
/* raw ipv4 return with header, raw ipv6 without */
if (cfg_family == PF_INET && type == SOCK_RAW) {
off += sizeof(struct iphdr);
ret -= sizeof(struct iphdr);
}
if (ret == -1)
error(1, errno, "recv");
if (ret != cfg_payload_len)
error(1, 0, "recv: ret=%u != %u", ret, cfg_payload_len);
if (ret > sizeof(buf) - off)
ret = sizeof(buf) - off;
if (memcmp(buf + off, payload, ret))
error(1, 0, "recv: data mismatch");
packets++;
bytes += cfg_payload_len;
}
static void do_rx(int domain, int type, int protocol)
{
uint64_t tstop;
int fd;
fd = do_setup_rx(domain, type, protocol);
tstop = gettimeofday_ms() + cfg_runtime_ms;
do {
if (type == SOCK_STREAM)
do_flush_tcp(fd);
else
do_flush_datagram(fd, type);
do_poll(fd, POLLIN);
} while (gettimeofday_ms() < tstop);
if (close(fd))
error(1, errno, "close");
fprintf(stderr, "rx=%lu (%lu MB)\n", packets, bytes >> 20);
}
static void do_test(int domain, int type, int protocol)
{
int i;
if (cfg_cork && (domain == PF_PACKET || type != SOCK_DGRAM))
error(1, 0, "can only cork udp sockets");
do_setcpu(cfg_cpu);
for (i = 0; i < IP_MAXPACKET; i++)
payload[i] = 'a' + (i % 26);
if (cfg_rx)
do_rx(domain, type, protocol);
else
do_tx(domain, type, protocol);
}
static void usage(const char *filepath)
{
error(1, 0, "Usage: %s [options] <test>", filepath);
}
static void parse_opts(int argc, char **argv)
{
const int max_payload_len = sizeof(payload) -
sizeof(struct ipv6hdr) -
sizeof(struct tcphdr) -
40 /* max tcp options */;
int c;
char *daddr = NULL, *saddr = NULL;
char *cfg_test;
cfg_payload_len = max_payload_len;
while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "46c:C:D:i:mp:rs:S:t:vz")) != -1) {
switch (c) {
case '4':
if (cfg_family != PF_UNSPEC)
error(1, 0, "Pass one of -4 or -6");
cfg_family = PF_INET;
cfg_alen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
break;
case '6':
if (cfg_family != PF_UNSPEC)
error(1, 0, "Pass one of -4 or -6");
cfg_family = PF_INET6;
cfg_alen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
break;
case 'c':
cfg_cork = strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
break;
case 'C':
cfg_cpu = strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
break;
case 'D':
daddr = optarg;
break;
case 'i':
cfg_ifindex = if_nametoindex(optarg);
if (cfg_ifindex == 0)
error(1, errno, "invalid iface: %s", optarg);
break;
case 'm':
cfg_cork_mixed = true;
break;
case 'p':
cfg_port = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0);
break;
case 'r':
cfg_rx = true;
break;
case 's':
cfg_payload_len = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0);
break;
case 'S':
saddr = optarg;
break;
case 't':
cfg_runtime_ms = 200 + strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10) * 1000;
break;
case 'v':
cfg_verbose++;
break;
case 'z':
cfg_zerocopy = true;
break;
}
}
cfg_test = argv[argc - 1];
if (strcmp(cfg_test, "rds") == 0) {
if (!daddr)
error(1, 0, "-D <server addr> required for PF_RDS\n");
if (!cfg_rx && !saddr)
error(1, 0, "-S <client addr> required for PF_RDS\n");
}
setup_sockaddr(cfg_family, daddr, &cfg_dst_addr);
setup_sockaddr(cfg_family, saddr, &cfg_src_addr);
if (cfg_payload_len > max_payload_len)
error(1, 0, "-s: payload exceeds max (%d)", max_payload_len);
if (cfg_cork_mixed && (!cfg_zerocopy || !cfg_cork))
error(1, 0, "-m: cork_mixed requires corking and zerocopy");
if (optind != argc - 1)
usage(argv[0]);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
const char *cfg_test;
parse_opts(argc, argv);
cfg_test = argv[argc - 1];
if (!strcmp(cfg_test, "packet"))
do_test(PF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, 0);
else if (!strcmp(cfg_test, "packet_dgram"))
do_test(PF_PACKET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
else if (!strcmp(cfg_test, "raw"))
do_test(cfg_family, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_EGP);
else if (!strcmp(cfg_test, "raw_hdrincl"))
do_test(cfg_family, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_RAW);
else if (!strcmp(cfg_test, "tcp"))
do_test(cfg_family, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
else if (!strcmp(cfg_test, "udp"))
do_test(cfg_family, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
else if (!strcmp(cfg_test, "rds"))
do_test(PF_RDS, SOCK_SEQPACKET, 0);
else
error(1, 0, "unknown cfg_test %s", cfg_test);
return 0;
}